“…As an alternative to field‐cultivated P. ginseng , in vitro tissue culture include cells, callus, hairy roots, and adventitious roots have been applied to produce ginseng. Among them, adventitious root have higher production compared to suspension cells and more natural for hairy roots because they contain no bacterial DNA sequences (An et al, ; Lee, Choi, et al, ; Liu et al, ; Murthy, Dandin, & Paek, ; Wang, Man, Gao, Zhang, & Huang, ). Previous studies have showed that the ginsenoside contents of P. ginseng adventitious root were lower than those cultivated plants, such as monomeric ginsenoside Rg 1 , Rb 1 , Rg 2 , Rc, Rb 2 , Rd, Re, and total saponin (Huang et al, ; Li et al, ; Liu et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”