This paper reviews the history and controversies associated with capital account management. It first looks at the transition from the acceptance at the Bretton Woods conference of capital account regulations as a normal policy instrument to the liberalization of the capital account, first in developed countries and later in developing countries. This is followed by an analysis of the risks of capital account liberalization, particularly for emerging and developing countries, and the role and experience of capital account regulations as a complementary instrument of counter-cyclical macroeconomic policy, and as a financial stability tool -as part of the family of 'macroprudential regulations'.Keywords: capital account regulations, capital account management, capital account liberalization JEL classification: F02, F33, F36.Acknowledgements: This is a chapter of a book on the international monetary system prepared for the United Nations University's World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), which develops on the theme of the WIDER Lecture delivered by the author on this issue (Ocampo 2011). I am extremely grateful to Bilge Erten, Kevin Gallagher, Stephany GriffithJones, Shari Spiegel and Joseph E. Stiglitz, with whom I have written on the topics of this chapter. I draw in part from our common work. I also thank Andrés Lizcano for his research assistance.