Toolset for assessment of natural recovery from legacy contaminated sediment: Case study of Pallanza Bay, Lake Maggiore, Italy

Lin, Diana; Cho, Yeo-Myoung; Oen, Amy; Eek, Espen; Tommerdahl, Jake P.; Luthy, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.024

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cylindrical sediment traps (15 cm in diameter and 1 m tall) were also deployed in duplicate at 3 and 10 m above the bed for the duration of the two sampling periods (black circles in Figure ) (Lin et al, ). The mass and deposition thickness in the sediment traps were recorded at the end of the two deployment periods (Lin et al, ). We note that there is inherent uncertainty in comparing deposition rates because sediment traps, particularly the cylindrical ones used, can significantly overestimate net deposition (Flower, ; Kozerski, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the importance of sediment on the density of the river relative to that of the lake on the inflow dynamics, the effect of the SSC on the density was included in the equation of state, such that the fluid density in the SUNTANS model was given by

ρ = ρ_{T} + true(1 - \frac{ρ_{0}}{ρ_{s e d}} true) \sum_{m = 1}^{N_{s}} C_{m},

where

ρ_{0} = 1000

kg m −3 is the reference density and

ρ_{s e d} = 2000

kg m −3 is the dry density of the sediment mixture in the bed in Pallanza Bay (Lin et al, ). In the absence of suspended sediment, ρ is given by ρ T , which is calculated by the UNESCO nonlinear equation of state as a function of temperature (Millero & Poisson, ; Millero et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Sedimentation Dynamics of Sediment‐Laden River Intrusions in a Rotationally‐Influenced, Stratified Lake

Scheu

Fong

Monismith

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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River inflows are often the dominant source of sediment into a lacustrine system and the extent of sediment transport can be an important indicator of the impact of introduced constituents on an ecosystem. Inflow intrusions, which intrude into the middle of the water column at a depth of neutral buoyancy, can be common in deep, stratified lakes and reservoirs. However, the dynamics and associated sediment transport of these flows have received less attention in the literature compared to surface or underflow plumes. A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was used to investigate sediment transport due to inflow intrusions in Pallanza Bay, an embayment within Lake Maggiore, Italy. The model was validated using field observations of inflow intrusions over varying conditions and was then used to simulate a range of realistic scenarios to evaluate sediment transport and deposition from inflow intrusions. The extent of sedimentation across the range of simulated scenarios can be estimated using a simple analytical expression with only a priori known parameters. The expression is a function of the intrusion plume speed and thickness, which are governed by the volume flow rate and the ambient stratification. We utilize the first‐mode wave speed to characterize the ambient stratification in the simplified expression, which eliminates the need to characterize near‐field mixing and entrainment to predict the intrusion depth. While the simple expression gives a reasonable estimate of the sedimentation extent, it does not capture lateral variability in the plume due to effects like lateral spreading and the earth's rotation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ρ = ρ_{T} + true(1 - \frac{ρ_{0}}{ρ_{s e d}} true) \sum_{m = 1}^{N_{s}} C_{m},

where

ρ_{0} = 1000

kg m −3 is the reference density and

ρ_{s e d} = 2000

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling Sedimentation Dynamics of Sediment‐Laden River Intrusions in a Rotationally‐Influenced, Stratified Lake

Scheu

Fong

Monismith

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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“…Some methods for evaluating the rates of natural recovery can include grab samples over time, exponential time decay function data and dated sediment cores for determining contaminant transport. A study by Lin et al (2017) on sediment in Pallanza Bay, Lake Maggiore, Italy employed three techniques. They included sediment traps for determination of quality and deposition rates of sediment under different conditions, sediment cores for evaluating trends in concentrations over time and passive samplers for assessing the mobility of sediment contaminants and release from the sediment.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Natural Recovery Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They included sediment traps for determination of quality and deposition rates of sediment under different conditions, sediment cores for evaluating trends in concentrations over time and passive samplers for assessing the mobility of sediment contaminants and release from the sediment. It was the first time the three techniques were employed for determining the mobility of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from sediments (Lin et al 2017). Techniques such as selective sequential extraction can assist in evaluating the potential for heavy metal mobilization.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Natural Recovery Of Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of natural and enhanced natural attenuation of heavy metals in soils and sediments

Mulligan

Javid

2021

JGS Special Publication

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Various techniques can be considered for the remediation of contaminated sediments. The options can include capping, dredging, or physical, biological, and/or chemical treatments and natural recovery. Natural recovery could be beneficial over dredging due to a reduction in costs and lack of solid disposal requirements. Source control, however, is a major issue for sustainable remediation. In a case study, surface and core sediment samples were collected from a harbor on the north bank of the St. Lawrence River in the province of Quebec to assess heavy metal pollution and determine if natural recovery was occurring. Comparing the results of all analysis done for sediment for three different years (2015, 2017 and 2019) in the sampling area, it can be seen that some metals increased, some decreased and some of them showed nearly the same level of contamination. The results also indicated that during the sampling periods, copper, zinc and chromium were the main elements that exceeded the occasional effect level based on the Environment Canada sediment quality guidelines. Therefore, metal pollution has become a noticeable problem in this area and natural recovery was not achieved for several metals due to ongoing contamination and thus source control is critical.

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Bioturbation facilitates DDT sequestration by activated carbon against recontamination by sediment deposition

Lin

Cho

Tommerdahl

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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We evaluated bioturbation as a facilitator for in situ treatment with a thin layer of activated carbon to treat dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-contaminated sediment and contaminant influx by sediment deposition. Using the freshwater worm Lumbriculus variegatus as a bioturbator, microcosm time-series studies were conducted for 4 mo and monitored for DDT flux and porewater concentration profiles by polyethylene passive samplers. With bioturbators present, the thin-layer activated carbon amendment reduced DDT flux by >90% compared with the same simulated scenario without activated carbon amendment. In contrast, a clean sediment cap without activated carbon was ineffective in reducing flux when bioturbation was present. In simulated scenarios with contaminant influx through deposition of contaminated sediment, bioturbation facilitated in situ activated carbon treatment, reducing 4-mo DDT flux by 77% compared with the same scenario without bioturbation. Porewater concentration profiles and activated carbon dose profiles confirmed effective mixing of activated carbon particles down to 1-cm depth. A mass transfer model was developed to predict flux with consideration of bioturbation and sediment deposition processes. Predicted flux values were consistent with experimental results and confirm that bioturbation activity helps reduce DDT sediment-to-water fluxes in activated carbon-treated sediment with recontamination by contaminated sediment deposition. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine experimental and modeling results showing how bioturbation enhances activated carbon amendment effectiveness against ongoing contaminant influx by sediment deposition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2013-2021. © 2018 SETAC.

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Toolset for assessment of natural recovery from legacy contaminated sediment: Case study of Pallanza Bay, Lake Maggiore, Italy

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling Sedimentation Dynamics of Sediment‐Laden River Intrusions in a Rotationally‐Influenced, Stratified Lake

Modeling Sedimentation Dynamics of Sediment‐Laden River Intrusions in a Rotationally‐Influenced, Stratified Lake

Application of natural and enhanced natural attenuation of heavy metals in soils and sediments

Bioturbation facilitates DDT sequestration by activated carbon against recontamination by sediment deposition

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