Tooth colour: a review of the literature

Joiner, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2003.10.013

Cited by 738 publications

(722 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Given its usefulness, digital photography has established itself as a new method for measuring and analyzing color through computer programs. 15,16 With the aid of the Adobe Photoshop, a color analysis software, degrees of image brightness (R, G, B) can be evaluated using the Histogram tool. 3,12,21 In seeking to ensure a long-lasting esthetic effect and assuming that these elastomers undergo staining when exposed to certain foods, it is important to assess susceptibility to staining of these materials by those foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the susceptibility to pigmentation of orthodontic esthetic elastomeric ligatures

Cavalcante¹,

Barbosa²,

Sobral³

2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Objective: The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate changes in the pigmentation of esthetic elastomeric ligatures after immersion in a staining solution. Methods: Sixty ligatures were selected and divided into 12 groups according to their brand and also considering their condition, i.e., unstretched or stretched. The groups were divided into: Morelli (clear), TP Orthodontics (clear), American Orthodontics (clear), 3M/Unitek (clear), American Orthodontics (pearl color) and 3M/Unitek (pearl color), separated into groups of 5 unstretched and five stretched ligatures. Assessment of their color changes was performed by means of digital photograph and computer analysis using Adobe Photoshop. Standardized digital photographs were taken at T 0 (before the staining process, with unstretched ligatures) and at T 1 (following the 5-days staining process). The staining solution was composed of artificial saliva and foods with staining potential. At » The authors report no commercial, proprietary or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.Objetivo: avaliar alterações da pigmentação de ligaduras elásticas estéticas após imersão em solução de pigmentação. Métodos: Sessenta ligaduras foram selecionadas e divididas em doze grupos de acordo com a marca comercial utilizada e nas condições normal e distendida. Os grupos foram divididos em: Morelli transparente, TP Orthodontics transparente, American Orthodontics transparente, Unitek/3M transparente, American Orthodontics pérola e Unitek/3M pérola, separados quanto à condição normal e distendida, totalizando 5 ligaduras em cada condição. A avaliação das mudanças de coloração foi realizada por meio de fotografia digital e análise computadorizada usando o programa Adobe Photoshop. Foram realizadas fotografias digitais padronizadas nos tempos T 0 -antes do processo de pigmentação, com as ligaduras em estado normal; e T 1 -após o processo de pigmentação, que durou cinco dias. A solução de pigmentação utilizada foi composta por saliva artificial e por alimentos que possuem potencial de coloração. No tempo T 1 , as ligaduras se encontravam em estado distendido e em estado normal (sem distensão). Resultado: os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que ligaduras elásticas estéticas são suscetíveis à pigmentação. Dentre as marcas comerciais avaliadas a TP Orthodontics e American Orthodontics transparente foram as mais estáveis. Já a Unitek/3M pérola demonstrou alterações estatisticamente significativas em todas as variáveis avaliadas. Conclusão: ligaduras elásticas estéticas são suscetíveis à pigmentação, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o estado normal e o estado distendido, com exceção na marca TP Orthodontics. A marca Unitek/3M pérola demonstrou ser a que apresenta maior potencial para pigmentação.Palavras-chave: Estética. Pigmentação. Fotografia. Ligadura.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the susceptibility to pigmentation of orthodontic esthetic elastomeric ligatures

Cavalcante¹,

Barbosa²,

Sobral³

2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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“…23 Further studies might explore the combination of various shade layers with various thicknesses of individual layers for the fabrication of resin inlays to resemble the natural tooth color and simultaneously to increase the photopolymerization of the resin cements used for luting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of layering technique on the shade of resin overlays and the microhardness of dual cure resin cement

Chang

Hong

2014

Braz. oral res.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the color of layered resin overlays and to test the early microhardness of dual cure resin cement (DCRC) light cured through the layered resin overlays. Resin overlays of 1.5 mm thickness were fabricated with the A3 shade of Z350 (Group 1L), the A3B and A3E shades of Supreme XT (Group 2L), and the A3, E3, and T1 shades of Sinfony (Group 3L) using one, two, and three layers, respectively (n = 7). Each layer of the resin overlays was set in equal thickness. The color of the resin overlays was measured with a colorimeter and compared with an A3 shade resin denture tooth. DCRC was light cured through the resin overlays, and the early microhardness of the DCRC was measured. The ΔE value between the denture tooth and the resin overlays and the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of the DCRC were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. The color differences were 8.9 ± 0.5, 5.3 ± 1.0, and 7.3 ± 0.5 and the VHNs were 19.4 ± 1.1, 21.1 ± 0.9, and 29.3 ± 0.6 for Groups 1L, 2L, and 3L, respectively. Therefore, to match the designated tooth color of resin inlays and to increase the early microhardness of DCRC, layered resin inlays are more appropriate than single-dentin-layer resin inlays. However, the translucent layer should be used cautiously because the color difference of resin inlays with a translucent layer was affected more than those without a translucent layer.

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“…6 A single examiner reviewed all images and sub jects; her intra-examiner reliability was excellent for maga zine images, and very good for natural teeth. This difference is because the magazine image has a consistent colour while the tooth shows much more variation, as light follows a highly irregular path through the tooth, some being reflected by the tooth, some being absorbed and scattered within the tooth and some being transmitted through the tooth before emerging at the tooth surface to reach the eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Facial attractiveness is one aspect of body image and increasingly patients demand a perfect smile. 6 Around three quarters of orthodontic requests are for aesthetic reasons. 7 A recent study comparing malocclusions in teenaged maga zines with the adolescent population in the UK found only 7% of magazine smiles exhibited a definite need for treat ment on aesthetic grounds compared with a third of the UK adolescent population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Tooth colour is one aspect of facial appearance and an increasingly important one, given the rise of both profession ally-and consumer-applied tooth whitening products. 6 Around a third of adults in the USA are unhappy with the colour of their teeth 9 and the 'ideal' smile in popular culture has white straight teeth. This so-called 'Hollywood smile' is becoming more common amongst British celebrities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do teenage magazines give a genuine view of tooth colour?

2007

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• Three quarters of magazine images had teeth that were whiter than the shade guide.• Magazines used only a very narrow range of tooth shades compared to real teenaged teeth.• The impact of media representation of tooth colour on children's self esteem is unknown. Objectives To compare the colour of incisors depicted in teenage magazines with a sample of Welsh teenagers. Materials and methods A representative one month sample of magazines aimed at 9-to 16-year-old girls was obtained from a retail outlet. All images containing photographs of anterior teeth were iden tified and the colour of the incisor teeth measured using two commer cial shade guides. An additional category of 'whiter than shade guide' was introduced. Images were viewed under standardised conditions by the same examiner; 10% were repeated. Clinical measurements under standard conditions were taken, by the same examiner, of 9-to 16-year-old children presenting to the department over a one month period, using the same shade guides; 47% of readings were repeated. Data were entered into SPSS and comparison of proportions used to compare the two groups. Results Nineteen magazines containing 268 images and 53 patients were used. Intra-examiner agreement with the two shade guides was 80% or 92% for patients and 93% or 96% for images. 0/53 (0%) clinical compared with 202/268 (75.4%) photographs were found to be whiter than the shade guide. Conclusions Teenage magazines do not give an accurate representa tion of the colour of teenager's teeth. The impact of this on children's self esteem is unknown.

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Tooth colour: a review of the literature

Cited by 738 publications

References 63 publications

Evaluation of the susceptibility to pigmentation of orthodontic esthetic elastomeric ligatures

Evaluation of the susceptibility to pigmentation of orthodontic esthetic elastomeric ligatures

Effects of layering technique on the shade of resin overlays and the microhardness of dual cure resin cement

Do teenage magazines give a genuine view of tooth colour?

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