Tooth Implantation and Attachment in Scoloparia glyphanodon (Parareptilia: Procolophonidae)

Jenkins, Kelsey M.; Bhullar, Bhart‐Anjan S.

doi:10.3374/014.063.0103

Cited by 11 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2, gray). These features are essentially identical to the complex structure observed in "pelycosaurs" (Jenkins, 1971;Romer & Price, 1940) and stem amniotes (e.g., Holmes, 1977;Romer, 1922). In contrast, the articular surface of known therapsids is much simpler in construction, being broadly saddle-shaped or ovoid in construction, and being gently convex to gently concave dorsoventrally and anteroposteriorly.…”

Section: Identification As a Synapsidsupporting

confidence: 66%

Enigmatic humerus from the mid-Permian of South Africa bridges the anatomical gap between “pelycosaurs” and therapsids

Bishop

Norton

Jirah

et al. 2022

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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Section: Identification As a Synapsidsupporting

confidence: 66%

Enigmatic humerus from the mid-Permian of South Africa bridges the anatomical gap between “pelycosaurs” and therapsids

Bishop

Norton

Jirah

et al. 2022

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…Investigation of shoulder mobility in Dimetrodon using APSE shows that the glenohumeral joint is characterized by marked coupling between almost all rotational and translational DOFs across its range of motion. Coupled rotations and translations have previously been inferred for the screw-shaped glenoid, in particular humeral pronation and anteroposterior sliding in tandem with retraction during the power stroke (Fox & Bowman, 1966;Holmes, 1977;Jenkins Jr., 1971;Miner, 1925;Watson, 1917).…”

Section: 'Pelycosaur' Shoulder Functionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…After outlining the algorithm's implementation and demonstrating its effectiveness in diverse situations, as a case study it is applied to the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint of ‘pelycosaur’‐grade synapsids. These early forerunners of mammals are a key part of the evolutionary transition from sprawling to erect postures, but their bizarre ‘screw shaped’ glenohumeral morphology lacks any analogue among extant species, inspiring debate for over a century (Haines, 1952; Jenkins Jr., 1971; Romer, 1922; Watson, 1917). Hypotheses of coupled rotation and translation at this joint remain to be rigorously tested in 6 DOFs; APSE provides a solution to this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent sampling of high‐dimensional joint mobility space for analysis of articular function

2022

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Studies of joint structure and function have played a central role in understanding palaeobiology and major functional transitions in evolutionary history, where fossilized hard parts (e.g. bones) are often all that remain. Current digital methods for quantifying articular function depend on exhaustively sampling all possible joint poses, but this is computationally intensive, becoming prohibitively so with more degrees of freedom. This has impeded more sophisticated analyses or broader application of these methods to more diverse questions and species. The present study introduces ‘APSE’ (Accelerated Pose Searching with Electrostatics), an iterative algorithm for rapidly and intelligently sampling high‐dimensional joint pose space to quantify articular function and mobility. Key features of the algorithm are: known viable joint poses inform the search for new poses in successive generations; the search preferentially targets under‐explored regions of pose space, while avoiding over‐explored regions; large swaths of inviable pose space are never evaluated, thus minimizing wasted time; and parallelizability. The efficacy of the algorithm was benchmarked with diverse theoretical and biological joints. As a case study to demonstrate its utility, APSE was used to investigate mobility in the enigmatic shoulder joint of the extinct ‘pelycosaur’‐grade synapsid Dimetrodon, the function of which has been widely debated. APSE produces high‐dimensional joint mobility assessments with greater precision than state‐of‐the‐art exhaustive sampling methods. More viable poses are identified at a greater sampling density, but in a fraction of the time taken by current methods (hours, not days or weeks). Results for Dimetrodon shoulder mobility indicate strong coupling between most degrees of freedom across the joint's full range of motion, a stark contrast to the flexible shoulder of most extant tetrapods. APSE provides a time‐efficient means to quantitatively measure articular function and mobility, especially when more degrees of freedom are considered. By greatly reducing computational requirements, APSE lowers the barrier to researchers seeking to undertake more complex or more numerous analyses of articular function in modern and extinct animals. This will accelerate the pace of research in comparative or evolutionary analyses of joint and animal function.

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“…Later, Tricuspisaurus thomasi was also placed in Procolophonidae [39], but this referral was rejected because Tricuspisaurus has protothecodont rather than acrodont tooth implantation [40]. However, this is not a compelling argument because both types of tooth implantation occur together in the procolophonid Scoloparia glyphanodon from the Upper Triassic Evangeline Member of the Wolfville Formation in Nova Scotia [41]. royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsos R. Soc.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Middle Triassic (Ladinian) trilophosaurid stem-archosaur from Germany increases diversity and temporal range of this clade

Sues

Schoch

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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We report the first trilophosaurid stem-archosaur from Central Europe, Rutiotomodon tytthos gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) Erfurt Formation of Baden-Württemberg (Germany). It is currently known from two jaw fragments with distinctive teeth. The labiolingually wide but mesiodistally narrow maxillary and dentary teeth each have a large labial cusp from which an occlusal ridge extends lingually to a small lingual cusp. A mesial and a distal cingulum extend between the labial and lingual cusps. The mesial and distal faces of the labial cusp each bear three prominent, lingually curved apicobasal ridges (arrises). A referred partial dentary has an edentulous, expanded symphysis similar to the mandibular ‘beak' in Trilophosaurus buettneri . A review of Coelodontognathus ricovi , from the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) of southwestern Russia, supports its referral to Trilophosauridae rather than Procolophonidae. Based on this reassessment and the new material from the Middle Triassic, the temporal range of trilophosaurids now spans nearly the entire Triassic Period, from the Olenekian to the Rhaetian. Trilophosaurids present craniodental features that indicate omnivory or herbivory with limited oral food processing. They were more diverse in terms of dental structure (and presumably diet) than previously assumed.

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Tooth Implantation and Attachment in Scoloparia glyphanodon (Parareptilia: Procolophonidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Enigmatic humerus from the mid-Permian of South Africa bridges the anatomical gap between “pelycosaurs” and therapsids

Enigmatic humerus from the mid-Permian of South Africa bridges the anatomical gap between “pelycosaurs” and therapsids

Intelligent sampling of high‐dimensional joint mobility space for analysis of articular function

A new Middle Triassic (Ladinian) trilophosaurid stem-archosaur from Germany increases diversity and temporal range of this clade

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