Top-down suppression of incompatible motor activations during response selection under conflict

Klein, Pierre-Alexandre; Petitjean, Charlotte; Olivier, Etienne; Duqué, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.005

Cited by 82 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…These, including the corticospinal tract, have been recently attributed to expectations (Arias, Robles-García, Espinosa, Corral-Bergantiños, Mordillo-Mateos, Grieve et al, 2014;Mooshagian, Keisler, Zimmermann, Schweickert, & Wassermann, 2015;van Elswijk, Kleine, Overeem, & Stegeman, 2007). Similarly, suppression of activity related to unanticipated response options has been found (Klein, Petitjean, Olivier, & Duque, 2014).…”

Section: Mechanisms For Enhanced Expectancy Effectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning

2016

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Effective motor performance is important for surviving and thriving, and skilled movement is critical in many activities. Much theorizing over the past few decades has focused on how certain practice conditions affect the processing of task-related information to affect learning. Yet, existing theoretical perspectives do not accommodate significant recent lines of evidence demonstrating motivational and attentional effects on performance and learning. These include research on (a) conditions that enhance expectancies for future performance, (b) variables that influence learners' autonomy, and (c) an external focus of attention on the intended movement effect. We propose the OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory of motor learning. We suggest that motivational and attentional factors contribute to performance and learning by strengthening the coupling of goals to actions. We provide explanations for the performance and learning advantages of these variables on psychological and neuroscientific grounds. We describe a plausible mechanism for expectancy effects rooted in responses of dopamine to the anticipation of positive experience and temporally associated with skill practice. Learner autonomy acts perhaps largely through an enhanced expectancy pathway. Furthermore, we consider the influence of an external focus for the establishment of efficient functional connections across brain networks that subserve skilled movement. We speculate that enhanced expectancies and an external focus propel performers' cognitive and motor systems in productive "forward" directions and prevent "backsliding" into self-and non-task focused states. Expected success presumably breeds further success and helps consolidate memories. We discuss practical implications and future research directions.Keywords Motivation . Attentional focus . Self-efficacy . Positive affect . Dopamine . Motor performance Skilled movement is fundamental to surviving and thriving in the world and the basis as well for many of the highest human endeavors and cultural achievements, from sport to art to music. How people learn and relearn movement skills has been addressed from a number of disparate scientific perspectives and levels of analysis, including behavioral, social cognitive, neurophysiological, and neurocomputational. In part, differences in assumptions, scientific terminology and philosophy, as well as methodological approaches have made scholarly rapprochement challenging, but we see the end goal of optimizing motor learning as important. We suggest that it may be valuable to bring recent insights from various approaches together to identify a coherent way forward that can result in optimized learning from humans' earliest encounters with new motor skills to the lifelong development of motoric expertise.It is typically considered time to look afresh at dominant theories in a field when the accumulating evidence suggests that old frameworks cannot account for substantial new insights an...

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Section: Mechanisms For Enhanced Expectancy Effectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning

2016

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“…Verleger et al, (2009) also measured LRPs but stimulated over the primary motor cortex. Similar to studies on the Simon effect, a common approach to investigate response activation and selection is to apply TMS over the primary motor cortex (hand area) and to assess changes in the excitability of the motor system via the measurement of MEPs (Soto et al, 2009;Verleger et al, 2009;Michelet et al, 2010;Klein et al, 2014;Amengual et al, 2013). Amengual et al (2013) also addressed effects on post-error slowing (i.e., slowed responses after an error has been made).…”

Section: Flanker Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcome of the study suggests that the corticospinal excitability reflects the competition process between the correct and incorrect response. Klein et al (2014) assessed top-down control and the suppression of activation of unwanted response representations. To this end, they measured MEPs elicited by TMS over the primary motor cortex in a left finger muscle during motor preparation in a flanker task with arrow stimuli.…”

Section: Response Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and control of manual responses in cognitive conflict: Findings from TMS perturbation studies

2015

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“…Ridderinkhof, 2002). For example, a recent study tested the response inhibition account using motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right motor cortex (Klein, Petitjean, Olivier, Duque, 2014). The authors found reduced MEPs for trials on which the distractors were mapped onto a left response.…”

Section: Top-down Response Inhibition In Interference Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association, Inhibition, and Action

McLaren¹,

Verbruggen²

2016

The Wiley Handbook on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Learning

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Top-down suppression of incompatible motor activations during response selection under conflict

Cited by 82 publications

References 89 publications

Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning

Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning

Attention and control of manual responses in cognitive conflict: Findings from TMS perturbation studies

Association, Inhibition, and Action

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