Top Grafting Performance of Some Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Clones as Affected by Scion Budwood Number

Abstract

Reducing budwood number is an efficient effort to overcome problemsrelated with limited scion materials. The objective of this research was to studythe effect of scion budwood number in some clones on the performance of graftedcocoa seedlings. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station,Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, Indonesia at an elevationof 48 m above sea level. Layout for this study used factorial with 2 factors inrandomized complete block design, with four replications for every treatment.The first factor was clone type, namely MCC 02 and Sulawesi 1; whereas the secondfactor was number of grafted scion budwood, namely one, two, and three graftedbudwoods. There was no interaction between clone and number of scion budwoodfor variables of shoot length, stem girth, content of total chlorophyll, chlorophylla, and chlorophyll b. Meanwhile, there was interaction for stomatal conductanceand stomatal diffusion resistance. Clone significantly affected photosynthesisand stomatal diffusion resistance, while number of scion budwood affected significantlythe shoot length. Photosynthesis activity of MCC 02 was higher comparedto Sulawesi 1. In average, stomatal diffusion resistance of Sulawesi 1 was higherthan MCC 02. The shoot length of one grafted budwood was higher than thetwo or three grafted budwood.

The Development Technique of Side and Budwood Grafting Improving Production of Cocoa in Mamuju Regency West Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Based practices and experience in the cocoa farming, commonly entris used to grafting of cocoa have three buds to avoid unsuccessfull activities. While grafting used only one bud will 100% failure because no substitute bud for substitute in the same place (Muzari et al, 2012;Zakariyya and Yuliasmara, 2015).…”

Pengujian Klon Batang Atas dan Dosis Pupuk NPK Pada Sambung Samping Kakao Rakyat

“…Salah satu kelemahan teknik sambung samping adalah adanya peluang inkompatibilitas antara batang atas dengan batang bawah (Zakariyya & Yuliasmara, 2015). Oleh karena itu, dalam memilih klon yang akan digunakan sebagai batang atas harus didasarkan pada tingkat kompatibilitas yang tinggi dengan batang bawah.…”

“…Selain akan meremajakan tanaman, rehabilitasi juga dapat mengganti tanaman dengan klon yang dikehendaki (Anita-Sari & Susilo, 2012). Keuntungan sambung samping adalah akan mendapatkan tanaman yang memiliki sifat unggul dari tetuanya, lebih cepat menghasilkan, biaya pemeliharaannya murah, dan prosesnya sangat sederhana (Zakariyya & Yuliasmara, 2015). Hasil kajian Syakir & Ferry (2014) menunjukkan bahwa rehabilitasi kakao melalui sambung samping dapat meningkatkan produksi mencapai 1,5-2,0 ton/ha/tahun pada umur 2 tahun setelah penyambungan.…”

Successful grafting elite cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) as a function of the age of rootstock

“…Clonal propagation with side grafting system can use superior local clones adapted to the local environment [ 20 ]. However, among the different grafting techniques, top grafting is the most used in cocoa plant propagation which is expected to gain a superior trait combination between two parents by clonal method [ 21 ].…”