“…Additionally, the dermis encompasses lymphatic and capillary blood vessels, sensory nerve endings and appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands). 147,151 Notably, the capillaries within the dermis play a pivotal role in drug absorption, driven by the concentration gradient between the skin's surface and dermal layer. 151 The epidermis represents the outermost layer of the skin which is organized into two main parts: the viable epidermis, encompassing the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum, and nonviable epidermis, represented by the stratum corneum.…”