Topical nitroglycerin

Kamra, Sunil Kant; Wig, Jai Dev; Sapru, R. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12954.x

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Beta blockers have been compared with fentanyl,[3] nitroprusside,[4] nitroglycerine,[5] calcium channel blockers,[6] etc; however, studies comparing esmolol[8–12] (cardioselective beta blocker) and labetalol[1518] (nonselective adrenergic blocker) are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of esmolol and labetalol, in low doses, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

2010

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Objective:The present study compared the efficacy of esmolol and labetalol, in low doses, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.Design:Prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blinded study.Setting:Operation room.Patients and Methods:75 ASA physical status I and II adult patients, aged 18-45 years undergoing elective surgical procedures, requiring general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation.Interventions:Patients were allocated to any of the three groups (25 each)-Group C (control)10 ml 0.9% saline i.v. Group E (esmolol) 0.5 mg/kg diluted with 0.9% saline to 10 ml i.v. Group L (labetalol) 0.25 mg/kg diluted with 0.9% saline to 10 ml i.v. In the control group 10 ml of 0.9% saline was given both at 2 and 5 min prior to intubation. In the esmolol group 0.5 mg/kg of esmolol (diluted with 0.9% saline to 10 ml) was given 2 min prior and 10 ml of 0.9% saline 5 min prior to intubation. In the labetalol group 10 ml of 0.9% saline was administered 2 min prior and 0.25 mg/kg of labetalol (diluted with 0.9% saline to 10 ml) 5 min prior to intubation. All the patients were subjected to the same standard anesthetic technique.Measurements:Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded prior to induction, at time of intubation and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were calculated. Abnormal ECG changes were also recorded.Results:Compared to placebo and esmolol (0.5 mg/kg), labetalol (0.25 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the rise in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and RPP during laryngoscopy and intubation. However, the difference was not statistically significant among the values for DBP and MAP.Conclusion:In lower doses, labetalol (0.25 mg/kg) is a better agent than esmolol (0.5 mg/kg) in attenuating the sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pharmacological methods are aimed at efferent, afferent, or both limbs of response e.g. volatile inhalational agents,[1] lignocaine,[2] opioids,[3] sodium nitroprusside,[4] nitroglycerine[5] calcium channel blockers,[6] and adrenergic blockers. [7]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of esmolol and labetalol, in low doses, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

2010

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“…Quite a lot of studies have been made in order to ease these hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Many drugs have been used for the same reason 5 including: Lignocaine topical anesthesia of oropharynx, laryngotracheal instillation of lignocaine prior to intubation, intravenous lignocaine [6][7][8] , beta adrenergic blockers [9][10][11] , alpha adrenergic blockers 12 , both alpha and beta adrenergic blockers 13 , vasodilators such as hydrallazine, sodium nitroprusside 14 , nitroglycerine 15 , deep inhalational anesthesia 16,17 , intravenous opioid 18,19 and calcium channel blockers 20 . No single agent had been recognized as the most suitable for this purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Lignocaine and Fentanyl After Propofol Induction in Attenuation of Hemodynamic Changes Following Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation During General Anesthesia

Nasir¹,

Salman²,

Asfar³

2019

BJSRG

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Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are constantly connected with a reflex sympathetic reaction bringing about tachycardia, hypertension and dysrrhythmias. This may cause harm in high hazard patients. Different pharmacological methodologies have been utilized to limit or weaken such a reaction. This study aimed to assess the hemodynamic changes following laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation following propofol induction utilizing a standard anesthesia procedure and to analyze the capability of lignocaine and fentanyl in lessening the cardiovascular reaction to laryngoscopy and intubation amid general anesthesia. Sixty patients aged between eighteen to fifty years, of either gender and ASA class I, weighing between forty to ninety kilograms were planned for elective procedures and were haphazardly allotted into three groups of 20 each. Induction of anesthesia was standard for all patients who received propofol 2mg/kg i.v. and were relaxed with succinylcholine 1mg/kg i.v. The first group received 10cc. normal saline, the second group had fentanyl 2µg/kg i.v. bolus and the third group got lignocaine 1.5mg/kg 3 minutes before laryngoscopy and intubation. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded noninvasively on arrival to the theatre and considered as a base line record, just after induction and then 1,3,5,7 and 10 minutes following intubation. There were no difference in statistical analysis between the groups regarding number, gender, age, weight and ASA class. There is significant rise in heart rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP and MAP in control group particularly in the first 3 minutes following intubation (p<0.05). Both fentanyl and lignocaine gave minimal protection against rise in heart rate after laryngoscopy and intubation and there is no significant difference between the two drugs (p>0.05). Both fentanyl and lignocaine were equally effective in prevention of major rise in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure. In conclusion, Fentanyl 2µg/kg and lignocaine 1.5mg/kg are both equally effective for attenuation of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation pressor response.

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Haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in geriatric patients: effects of fentanyl, lidocaine and thiopentone

Splinter

Cervenko

1989

Can J Anaesth

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Topical nitroglycerin

Abstract: Summary In

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of esmolol and labetalol, in low doses, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

Comparison of esmolol and labetalol, in low doses, for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Lignocaine and Fentanyl After Propofol Induction in Attenuation of Hemodynamic Changes Following Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation During General Anesthesia

Haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in geriatric patients: effects of fentanyl, lidocaine and thiopentone

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