IntroductionThe Baltic Lake District in northeastern Germany is composed of a multitude of lakes originated during the last glacial period (~12,000 years before). Some of the lakes are pristine and considered to represent high status in terms of the European Water Framework Directive. Lake Stechlin represents a highly valuable ecosystem. It belongs to the type of stratified lowland lakes with small catchment area and high content of calcite (Mathes et al., 2002). It is one of the most extensively studied lakes in northern Germany. Regular monitoring of its main limnological variables and biota was set in the 1950s in the context of the operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) between 1966 and 1989. Through an external circulation system, the NPP's cooling water was taken from Lake Nehmitz, the heated water was pumped into Lake Stechlin, and diverted back to Lake Nehmitz (Casper, 1985;Koschel et al., 2002).Phytoplankton of Lake Stechlin has been studied since 1959 (Casper, 1985), and water chemistry and primary production measurements using the 14 C-technique started in 1970 (Koschel, 1974). Since 1994, a sampling program has been carried out to investigate the species composition and succession of phytoplankton (Padisák et al., 1998(Padisák et al., , 2010 and the occurrence of deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) formed by cyanobacteria (Padisák et al., 1997(Padisák et al., , 2010Selmeczy et al., 2016). In the last decade, an increasing abundance of cyanobacterial blooms indicated a change in water quality (Padisák et al., 2010;Üveges et al., 2012).Diatom research in Lake Stechlin focused mainly on planktonic Centrales taxa. The population dynamics of two phycogeographically restricted unicellular diatom species were described (Cyclotella tripartita and Stephanocostis chantaicus -Scheffler and Padisák, , 2000. In 1999, spatial and temporal changes in spring planktonic diatom populations were studied (Padisák et al., 2003). Scheffler et al. ( , 2005 investigated the relationship between Cyclotella comensis and Cyclotella pseudocomensis with morphological, ecological, and molecular methods. Contrary to extensive and detailed phytoplankton studies, attached diatoms of the lake received much less scientific interest. In 1974 and 1975 (thermal load period), biomass and primary production of periphyton in the littoral zone were determined. Thereafter, a list of diatom taxa found in the probes was compiled and published in Casper's (1985) synthesis. Scheffler and Schönfelder (2004) reported the Abstract: Phytoplankton and planktonic centric diatoms of Lake Stechlin have been extensively studied, while attached diatoms have received much less scientific interest. In the present study, the composition of benthic diatoms and their diversity metrics were determined and compared along the shoreline of the lake in spring 2013 and autumn 2014. Overall, 118 taxa classified in 52 genera were found, of which 15 species belonged to threat categories of the Red List for Central Europe. Species richness (33 ± 4), Shannon diversity (2.47 ± ...