Topical Prostaglandin Analogue Drugs Inhibit Adipocyte Differentiation

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the effects of topical prostaglandin analogue drugs on the differentiation of adipocytes.MethodsDifferentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was induced with isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 0.008, 0.08, 0.2 µM of latanoprost and travoprost. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 (PPARγ2), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) assays were performed to examine the effects on early and late differentiation, respectively. Also, glycerol assays were done to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin analogues on lipolysis after differentiation.ResultsBoth prostaglandin analogues inhibited differentiation of preadipocytes. Topical prostaglandin analogues significantly decreased G3PDH activity, a marker of late differentiation. However, topical prostaglandin analogues did not change mRNA expressions of lipoprotein lipase and PPARγ2, markers of early differentiation. The activities of the early markers of differentiation were not changed significantly before and after growth arrest. Compared to latanoprost, travoprost decreased G3PDH activity more significantly (p < 0.05). Both prostaglandin analogues did not affect the lipolysis of differentiated adipocytes (p > 0.05).ConclusionsProstaglandin analogues display an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of adipocytes when the cells start to differentiate especially in the late stage of differentiation. Thus, commercial topical prostaglandin analogues may decrease the fat contents of eyelids.

Generation of Neural Crest‐Like Cells From Human Periodontal Ligament Cell‐Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…Also, we confirmed higher Adiponection ( ADIPOQ ) expression in the PDL HNK − cells compared to the PDL HNK + cells (data not shown). It has been suggested that whilst PPARγ2 is an early stage marker of adipocytic differentiation (Kim, ), ADIPSIN and ADIPOQ are associated with terminally differentiated adipocytes (De Gemmis et al, ; Hammarstedt et al, ), suggesting that the PDL HNK − cells may have differentiated into more mature adipocytes. This phenomenon may be due to the ALKPHOS expression of PDL HNK − .…”

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Tafluprost, Travoprost, and Latanoprost in Korean Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Normal-Tension Glaucoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study (LOTUS Study)

“…PGAs are known to be the most efficacious drugs for reducing IOP, while this is associated with higher rates of adverse reactions such as conjunctival hyperemia or deep sulcus [ 34 , 35 ]. Of course, in our study, there were some cases with hyperpigmentation and long cilia.…”

Changes of orbital connective tissue after bimatoprost injection. Experimental study in rats

“…Choi et al concluded that bimatoprost inhibits both the differentiation of pre-adipocytes and intracellular lipid accumulation (16) . According to Kim, prostaglandin analogues present an inhibitory event especially in the late stage of adipocyte differentiation (17) . A reduction in the diameter and the number of adipocytes in the right orbit of the animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 was also observed when compared to the right orbit of the animals in Groups 4, 5 and 6 (animals treated continuously with weekly injections of bimatoprost 0.03% for 90 days, followed by discontinuation of the medication for 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively).…”

“…Filippopoulos et al described upper deep eyelid creases, apparent enophthalmos and attenuation of dermatochalasis (15) . Based mainly on the pharmacological properties of bimatoprost, the hypothesis of these eyelid and orbital changes were resulting from the reduction of preaponeurotic and orbital fat was created (13,16,17) . Although there is a slight difference in the orbital anatomy and physiology among species, the knowledge gained in animal studies can assist in research in humans.…”