Topics of Analytical and Computational Methods in Tunnel Engineering

Abstract

In this chapter, a selection of tunneling topics is presented, following the evolution of methods and tools from analytical to computational era. After an introductory discussion of the importance of elasticity and plasticity in tunneling, some practical topics are presented as paradigms to show the successful application of them in achieving a solution. The circular and horseshoe tunnel sections served as the basis of the elastic analysis of deep tunnels. Practical aspects such as influence zone and elastic convergences in both cases are examined. In the case of circular tunnels, the estimation of plastic zone formation is discussed for a selection of strength criteria. After a detailed discussion of the influence of surface proximity, the elastic and plastic analysis of shallow tunnels is examined in some detail. The presentation is completed by a short presentation of computational methods. An overview of recent developments and a classification of the methods are presented, and then some problems for the case of anisotropic rocks have been presented using finite element method (FEM). The last topic is the application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in interpreting data and in estimating the relative importance of parameters involved in the problem of tunneling-induced surface settlements. In the conclusions a short discussion of the main topics presented follows.

Applying SLAM-Based LiDAR and UAS Technologies to Evaluate the Rock Slope Stability of the Grotta Paglicci Paleolithic Site (Italy)

“…In general, the stress distribution in various chambers shows how the forces are located on their side walls, resulting in low stress values in the roof. This stress distribution can be explained by comparing the geometrical structure of the hypogeal chamber to a dome: this tridimensional geometry discharges the vertical lithostatic weight, similarly to a horseshoe tunnel's geometry, along the lateral walls [91,92]. Nevertheless, the high stress values shown in Figure 17 are not confirmed in Figures 18 and 19, where the cross-sections have been built approximately orthogonal to the AA'.…”

Seismic performance of soil–tunnel–building systems in stiff soils

“…The effect of underground structures on the seismic response of surface structures has been examined partially in the past (e.g. Al-Farhan et al, 2022; Prodromos, 2020; Stamos and Beskos, 1996; Yiouta-Mitra et al, 2007). In addition, some researchers have studied marginally the effect that underground structures such as a cavity, lined tunnel, or rigid inclusion can have on the surface ground motion variability (e.g.…”

Morphological model for underground crossings of water objects

“…Therefore, actual design and construction require identifying exact influence zones using theoretical calculations given in [4]. In [5] a bunch of topics regarding tunneling is presented, tracking the evolution of methods and tools from analytical to computing periods. In [5] a review of recent studies and the classifications of methods is also given, followed by several problems for anisotropic rock structures using finite element method, and the application of the artificial intelligence tools is considered for data interpretation and estimation of relative importance of parameters related to the problem of surface sinking caused by tunnels.…”