Topochemical Aspects of Nucleic Acid and Protein Metabolism Within the Neuron‐neuroglia Unit of the Superior Cervical Ganglion

Pevzner, Leonid Z.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1965.tb10259.x

Cited by 61 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This early criticism appears to have been largely based on the lack of information on intercellular exchanges of materials, which is now well known to occur in eukaryotic cells, such as follicular cells and oocytes (217,238). The data supporting intercellular transport of glial RNA to the neuron soma have also been corroborated by cytospectrophotometric methods that may hardly be blamed for confusing a glial cell with a dendrite (260,261). As reviewed in this article, intercellular transport of newly synthesized RNA from periaxonal glia to the axon has been demonstrated in vertebrate (25,80,177,280) and invertebrate species (9,62,92,117,229,265), as well as between perisynaptic cells and squid nerve terminals (92,116).…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 69%

“…These results supported the view that significant changes in the RNA of the neuron cell body and surrounding glia only occurred after acute stimulation, but were overshadowed by hypertrophic processes elicited by chronic stimulation (318 -320). RNA responses to enhanced neuronal activity were also reported in neurons and glia cells examined by ultraviolet cytospectrophotometric methods (260). One advantage of these methods is that the measurement is made in situ, without microdissection of individual cells.…”

Section: Enhanced Nervous Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…85,126,260,261). True, it is surprising that randomly collected neurons of the same type displayed consistently similar biochemical changes when exposed to a certain experimental condition.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia-Neuron Unit

Giuditta¹,

Chun²,

Eyman³

et al. 2008

Physiological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurons have complex and often extensively elongated processes. This unique cell morphology raises the problem of how remote neuronal territories are replenished with proteins. For a long time, axonal and presynaptic proteins were thought to be exclusively synthesized in the cell body, which delivered them to peripheral sites by axoplasmic transport. Despite this early belief, protein has been shown to be synthesized in axons and nerve terminals, substantially alleviating the trophic burden of the perikaryon. This observation raised the question of the cellular origin of the peripheral RNAs involved in protein synthesis. The synthesis of these RNAs was initially attributed to the neuron soma almost by default. However, experimental data and theoretical considerations support the alternative view that axonal and presynaptic RNAs are also transcribed in the flanking glial cells and transferred to the axon domain of mature neurons. Altogether, these data suggest that axons and nerve terminals are served by a distinct gene expression system largely independent of the neuron cell body. Such a local system would allow the neuron periphery to respond promptly to environmental stimuli. This view has the theoretical merit of extending to axons and nerve terminals the marginalized concept of a glial supply of RNA (and protein) to the neuron cell body. Most long-term plastic changes requiring de novo gene expression occur in these domains, notably in presynaptic endings, despite their intrinsic lack of transcriptional capacity. This review enlightens novel perspectives on the biology and pathobiology of the neuron by critically reviewing these issues.

show abstract

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Enhanced Nervous Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia-Neuron Unit

Giuditta¹,

Chun²,

Eyman³

et al. 2008

Physiological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggestion has previously been based on inference from morphological observations and biochemical studies which demonstrate inverse changes in the RNA content of neurons and their associated glia (32,50). See Kuffler and Nicholls (37) for a critical review.…”

Section: The Role Of Proteins Transferred From Glia To Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-to-cell transfer of glial proteins to the squid giant axon: The glia- neuron protein transfer hypothesis

Lasek¹,

Gainer²,

Barker³

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothesis that glial cells synthesize proteins which are transferred to adjacent neurons was evaluated in the giant fiber of the squid (Loligo pealei). When giant fibers are separated from their neuron cell bodies and incubated in the presence of radioactive amino acids, labeled proteins appear in the glial cells and axoplasm. Labeled axonal proteins were detected by three methods: extrusion of the axoplasm from the giant fiber, autoradiography, and perfusion of the giant fiber. This protein synthesis is completely inhibited by puromycin but is not affected by chloramphenicol. The following evidence indicates that the labeled axonal proteins are not synthesized within the axon itself. (a) The axon does not contain a significant amount of ribosomes or ribosomal RNA. (b) Isolated axoplasm did not incorporate [aH]leucine into proteins. (c) Injection of RNase into the giant axon did not reduce the appearance of newly synthesized proteins in the axoplasm of the giant fiber. These findings, coupled with other evidence, have led us to conclude that the adaxonal glial cells synthesize a class of proteins which are transferred to the giant axon. Analysis of the kinetics of this phenomenon indicates that some proteins are transferred to the axon within minutes of their synthesis in the glial cells. One or more of the steps in the transfer process appear to involve Ca ++, since replacement of extracellular Ca ++ by either Mg § or Co §247 significantly reduces the appearance of labeled proteins in the axon. A substantial fraction of newly synthesized glial proteins, possibly as much as 40%, are transferred to the giant axon. These proteins are heterogeneous and range in size from 12,000 to greater than 200,000 daltons. Comparisons of the amount of amino acid incorporation in glia cells and neuron cell bodies raise the possibility that the adaxonal glial cells may provide an important source of axonal proteins which is supplemental to that provided by axonal transport from the cell body. These findings are discussed with reference to a possible trophic effect of glia on neurons and metabolic cooperation between adaxonal glia and the axon.It has often been suggested that adjacent cells communicate with one another via the actual intercellular transfer of molecules including macromolecules. The possibility that molecular transfer may play a role in intercellular regulation has taken on added credibility since the discovery and

show abstract

“…GIACOBINI (1961) studied neuron-glial ionic exchange histochemically. PEVZNER (1965) determined the nucleic acid and protein content of the neuron and glia of the cat by a quantitative cytochemical method.…”

Section: Cytoplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on the Caudate Nucleus of the Dog with Special Reference to the Classification of Nerve Cells and to the Subsurface Cistern

Inoue

1975

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Topochemical Aspects of Nucleic Acid and Protein Metabolism Within the Neuron‐neuroglia Unit of the Superior Cervical Ganglion

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia-Neuron Unit

Local Gene Expression in Axons and Nerve Endings: The Glia-Neuron Unit

Cell-to-cell transfer of glial proteins to the squid giant axon: The glia- neuron protein transfer hypothesis

Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on the Caudate Nucleus of the Dog with Special Reference to the Classification of Nerve Cells and to the Subsurface Cistern

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About