Topochemical investigation of early stages of lignin modification within individual cell wall layers of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood infected by the brown-rot fungus Antrodia vaillantii (DC.: Fr.) Ryv.

Assessment of the structural factors controlling the enzymatic saccharification of rice straw cellulose

“…Nevertheless, a topochemical approach is needed to discuss which lignin (e.g. lignins in middle lamella, primary and secondary cell wall for different vessels and parenchyma cell) is more crucial for enzymatic saccharification of rice straw cellulose [25,27].…”

Improvement of a method for topochemical investigations of degraded furfurylated wood

“…3). This decrease in absorbance most likely originates from early fungal degradation processes (Rehbein and Koch 2011), where highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, produced in the non-enzymatic part of the chelator mediated Fenton degradation (Goodell et al 1997;Hammel, Kapisch, Jensen and Ryan 2002;Arantes, Jellison and Goodell 2012) attack lignin as well as furfuryl alcohol, since no structural cell wall damages could be seen in the light microscope. The absorbance values of the polymerised furfuryl alcohol in the cell lumen changed from overflow (Fig.…”

“…Furfurylation of wood is a chemical modification where furfuryl alcohol (FA) penetrates into the wood cell wall, polymerises in situ , resulting in a permanent swelling of the wood cell wall (Goldstein 1955, 1960; Stamm 1977). It has been shown that furfurylation of wood leads to higher durability against biodegradation (Lande, Westin and Schneider 2004) and a low environmental impact (van Eetvelde, De Geyter, Marchal and Stevens 1998; Lande, Eikenes and Westin 2004a; Lande, Westin and Schneider 2004b; Pilgård, De Vetter, Van Acker and Westin 2010a; Pilgård et al 2010b). UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) is an established analytical technique which enables direct imaging of lignin distribution and lignin modification (biodegradation, delignification) within individual cell wall layers (Fergus, Procter, Scott and Goring 1969; Scott, Procter, Fergus and Goring 1969; Saka, Whiting, Fukazawa and Goring 1982; Fukazawa 1992; Koch and Kleist 2001; Koch and Grünwald 2004; Rehbein and Koch 2011; Koch and Schmitt 2013).…”

“…It has been shown that furfurylation of wood leads to higher durability against biodegradation (Lande, Westin and Schneider 2004) and a low environmental impact (van Eetvelde, De Geyter, Marchal and Stevens 1998; Lande, Eikenes and Westin 2004a; Lande, Westin and Schneider 2004b; Pilgård, De Vetter, Van Acker and Westin 2010a; Pilgård et al 2010b). UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) is an established analytical technique which enables direct imaging of lignin distribution and lignin modification (biodegradation, delignification) within individual cell wall layers (Fergus, Procter, Scott and Goring 1969; Scott, Procter, Fergus and Goring 1969; Saka, Whiting, Fukazawa and Goring 1982; Fukazawa 1992; Koch and Kleist 2001; Koch and Grünwald 2004; Rehbein and Koch 2011; Koch and Schmitt 2013). Rehbein and Koch (2011) detected topochemical indications of incipient lignin modification by the brown rot fungus Antrodia vailantii in the S2 layer in Pinus sylvestris already after 3 days of incubation.…”

“…UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) is an established analytical technique which enables direct imaging of lignin distribution and lignin modification (biodegradation, delignification) within individual cell wall layers (Fergus, Procter, Scott and Goring 1969; Scott, Procter, Fergus and Goring 1969; Saka, Whiting, Fukazawa and Goring 1982; Fukazawa 1992; Koch and Kleist 2001; Koch and Grünwald 2004; Rehbein and Koch 2011; Koch and Schmitt 2013). Rehbein and Koch (2011) detected topochemical indications of incipient lignin modification by the brown rot fungus Antrodia vailantii in the S2 layer in Pinus sylvestris already after 3 days of incubation. The aim of this study was to improve a method for investigating furfurylated Pinus radiata in order to gain a better understanding of the furfuryl alcohol polymerisation process in the wood cell wall and to be able to detect and localise early appearance of brown rot degradation.…”