Topographic methods to expose the exiting points of supratrochlear,supraorbital, and zygomaticotemporal nerves

Abstract

Background/aim: We evaluated the relations of the exiting points of supratrochlear (STN), supraorbital (SON), and zygomaticotemporal (ZTN) nerves with certain landmarks to provide improved anatomic knowledge. Materials and methods: The twenty-eight hemifaces of 5 fresh frozen and 11 embalmed heads (5 female and 11 male cadavers) were dissected. Distance and angular measurements were made between the exiting points of the nerves to the midline, lateral, and medial canthi. Comparisons of side, sex, and cadaver groups were evaluated.Results: Mean values were determined for all parameters. There was no difference between side measurements. There were significant differences between sexes and cadaver groups regarding STN and lateral canthus in both sides. The angle of the ZTN to the lateral canthus was found to be higher in embalmed cadavers than in fresh frozen ones.Conclusion: This study is the first to supply both distance and angular measurements to reach the exact locations of the nerves. Quantitative and topographic information about the localizations of the STN, SON, and ZTN is crucial for forehead lifting and migraine treatment, as well as for injection and local surgical interventions.

A marginal process of the zygomatic bone predicts a lateral exit of the zygomaticotemporal nerve: An anatomical study with application to surgery around the midface

“…However, they rendered the findings less reliable by making the measurements after dissection of the temporal region (Totonchi et al, 2005). A distance of 23.81 ± 4.8 mm between the exit point of the ZTN and the lateral canthus was found by Tezer et al during examination of 28 hemifaces of embalmed and fresh cadavers (Tezer et al, 2017). Last, based on our findings, we believe that some previous studies (Hauser & De Stefano, 1989) have misinterpreted a laterally exiting ZTF as a "high" zygomaticofacial foramen.…”

“…A thorough understanding of the pathway of the ZTN and its anatomical variations in terms of frequency and location of the ZTF is crucial for preventing iatrogenic injury during surgical manipulation in the region and for increasing the percentage of successful outcomes in neuro, plastic, and maxillofacial surgeries. However, there have been few studies of its anatomy, and reports in the literature rarely focus on the nerve and its topography (Tezer et al, 2017; Tubbs et al, 2012).…”

“…A thorough understanding of the pathway of the ZTN and its anatomical variations in terms of frequency and location of the ZTF is crucial for preventing iatrogenic injury during surgical manipulation in the region and for increasing the percentage of successful outcomes in neuro, plastic, and maxillofacial surgeries. However, there have been few studies of its anatomy, and reports in the literature rarely focus on the nerve and its topography (Tezer et al, 2017;Tubbs et al, 2012). Kim et al studied the intraosseous course of the ZTN threedimensionally using microcomputed tomography on Korean subjects and noted that about 71.4% of zygomaticotemporal canals (ZTCs) originated from the intraosseous canal along the course of zygomaticofacial canals, while 28.6% of ZTCs opened through each corresponding foramen.…”

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Frontal Sinus Volume in Migraine Patients

“…14,[22][23][24] In contrast, it has been shown that there is no association between paranasal sinus volumes and headaches or facial pain. 25 In this regard, although the anatomic and morphometric features of the supraorbital region have been defined, 3,4,26,27 there is limited knowledge of FSV in migraine patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the FSV by 3D CT in patient groups with and without migraine and to identify their possible effects on migraine surgery.…”

Rehabilitation and MRI-based evaluation of the Combined Therapy of Bushenzhichan Formula and Needle Embedding for Parkinsons Disease

“…The needle embedding method is mainly characterized as detention to form later meridian inductive effects. The needles were placed in Baihui, Sishencong, Fengchi, Taichong, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, Hegu, Ganshu, Shenshu and the chorea-trembling controlled area, which could nourish kidney and liver as well as stop endogenous wind [15,16] . By combining therapy of both methods, it is possible to nourish both kidney and liver, supplement body essence and marrow as well as stop endogenous wind and tremor.…”