Mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an indispensable
source for stem cell research and preclinical studies due to their
capacity for in vitro proliferation and their potential to differentiate
into mesodermal lineages, particularly into osteoblasts. This capability
has propelled their application in the fields of bone regeneration
and osteochondral repair. Traditional methodologies for assessing
the differentiation status of MSCs necessitate invasive procedures
such as cell lysis or fixation. In this study, we introduce a nondestructive
technique that utilizes an integrated label-free approach to evaluate
the osteogenic maturation of MSC spheroid aggregates. This method
employs scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with a flexible
probe in conjunction with a top-removable microfluidic device designed
for easy SECM access. By tracking the production rate of p-aminophenol (PAP) in the generation/collection mode and assessing
morphological changes via the negative feedback mode using [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 (Ruhex), we can discern variations
in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity indicative of osteogenic
differentiation. This innovative strategy enables the direct evaluation
of osteogenic differentiation in MSC spheroids cultured within microwell
arrays without necessitating any labeling procedures. The utilization
of a flexible microelectrode as the probe that scans in contact mode
(with probe–substrate distances potentially as minimal as 0
μm) affords enhanced resolution compared to the traditional
stiff-probe technique. Furthermore, this method is compatible with
subsequent molecular biology assays, including gene expression analysis
and immunofluorescence, thereby confirming the electrochemical findings
and establishing the validity of this integrative approach.