Topographically Trapped Waves

Mysak, Lawrence A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.fl.12.010180.000401

Cited by 83 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For EXP1, we used a Gaussian tsunami source of width *50 km on the shelf. The initial condition for EXP2 is same as that of the main run Mysak 1980), the coastally-trapped edge waves propagated parallel to the coast and were not localized in the along-shore direction in this experiment (Fig. 5c, d).…”

Section: The Makran Coastmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling

Suresh

Shankar

et al. 2011

Nat Hazards

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The 27 November 1945 earthquake in the Makran Subduction Zone triggered a destructive tsunami that has left important problems unresolved. According to the available reports, high waves persisted along the Makran coast and at Karachi for several hours after the arrival of the first wave. Long-duration sea-level oscillations were also reported from Port Victoria, Seychelles. On the other hand, only one high wave was reported from Mumbai. Tide-gauge records of the tsunami from Karachi and Mumbai confirm these reports. While the data from Mumbai shows a single high wave, Karachi data shows that Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (high waves persisted for more than 7 h, with maximum wave height occurring 2.8 h after the arrival of the first wave. In this paper, we analyze the cause of these persistent high waves using a numerical model. The simulation reproduces the observed features reasonably well, particularly the persistent high waves at Karachi and the single high wave at Mumbai. It further reveals that the persistent high waves along the Makran coast and at Karachi were the result of trapping of the tsunami-wave energy on the continental shelf off the Makran coast and that these coastally-trapped edge waves were trapped in the alongshore direction within a *300-km stretch of the continental shelf. Sensitivity experiments establish that this along-shore trapping of the tsunami energy is due to variations in the shelf width. In addition, the model simulation indicates that the reported long duration of sea-level oscillations at Port Victoria were mainly due to trapping of the tsunami energy over the large shallow region surrounding the Seychelles archipelago.

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Section: The Makran Coastmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The trapped energy would normally have propagated away in the along-shore direction as coastally trapped edge waves (LeBlond and Mysak 1978;Mysak 1980). The shelf off the Makran coast narrows at around 62°E and 65°E (Fig.…”

Section: The Makran Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling

Suresh

Shankar

et al. 2011

Nat Hazards

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“…Because of the convergence in the surface layer at the coast, a cross-shelf sea surface height (SSH) gradient is produced that results in an along-stream geostrophic current (Allen 1980). In addition to these local impacts, the winds are also likely to excite coastally trapped waves that will propagate downcoast with the shore to their right (Allen 1980;Mysak 1980;Brink 1991). Their structure and propagation speeds are modified by both topography and stratification, but primary modes are generally associated with a barotropic along-stream velocity signature and travel at speeds on the order of a few hundred kilometers per day (Brink 1982;Pickart et al 2011).…”

Section: B Barrier Windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Transport of Dense Water from the East Greenland Shelf

Harden

Pickart

Renfrew

2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Data from a mooring deployed at the edge of the East Greenland shelf south of Denmark Strait from September 2007 to October 2008 are analyzed to investigate the processes by which dense water is transferred off the shelf. It is found that water denser than 27.7 kg m 23 -as dense as water previously attributed to the adjacent East Greenland Spill Jet-resides near the bottom of the shelf for most of the year with no discernible seasonality. The mean velocity in the central part of the water column is directed along the isobaths, while the deep flow is bottom intensified and veers offshore. Two mechanisms for driving dense spilling events are investigated, one due to offshore forcing and the other associated with wind forcing. Denmark Strait cyclones propagating southward along the continental slope are shown to drive off-shelf flow at their leading edges and are responsible for much of the triggering of individual spilling events. Northerly barrier winds also force spilling. Local winds generate an Ekman downwelling cell. Nonlocal winds also excite spilling, which is hypothesized to be the result of southward-propagating coastally trapped waves, although definitive confirmation is still required. The combined effect of the eddies and barrier winds results in the strongest spilling events, while in the absence of winds a train of eddies causes enhanced spilling.

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“…The theory of coastally trapped waves is still under vigorous development (see e.g., Mysak, 1980) and it is reasonable to expect that further important insights will emerge in the near future.…”

Section: Vorticity Waves With Stratification and Bottom Slopementioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation in the Coastal Ocean

Csanady¹

1982

313

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Topographically Trapped Waves

Cited by 83 publications

References 60 publications

Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling

Trapped waves of the 27 November 1945 Makran tsunami: observations and numerical modeling

Offshore Transport of Dense Water from the East Greenland Shelf

Circulation in the Coastal Ocean

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