Topography of the gastro-oesophageal junction in the dog revisited: possible clinical implications

Pratschke, Kathryn; Fitzpatrick, E.; Campion, Deirdre; McAllister, H.; Bellenger, C. R.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.12.001

Cited by 24 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, in this species a consistent and identifiable abdominal esophagus has not been documented. In contrast, the rat, a species with a separation of the high pressure anti-reflux barrier in two distinct regions with a clear abdominal esophagus (Soto et al ., 1997), does not have the ability to vomit and the phenomenon of GER has not been observed in this species (Pratschke et al ., 2004). To elucidate this higher predisposition to GER during anesthesia, additional studies similar to that of Pratschke's should be conducted to address the conformation of LES in other breeds.…”

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A study showed that the abdominal esophagus has different lengths depending on the breed (Pratschke, 2004). In that study, the esophagus in most of the Greyhounds and Beagles was contained entirely within the thoracic cavity such that no portion of the esophagus could be subject to abdominal pressure, which is likely associated with GERD (Pratschke et al ., 2004).…”

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, the esophagus in most of the Greyhounds and Beagles was contained entirely within the thoracic cavity such that no portion of the esophagus could be subject to abdominal pressure, which is likely associated with GERD (Pratschke et al ., 2004). If this is true, then it could be possible that Poodles, Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds also have a short abdominal esophagus, predisposing them to reflux, though this has not been proven.…”

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The esophageal radius is consistently shorter than the gastric radius. Consequently, when both are exposed simultaneously to the positive intra-abdominal pressure, the pressure within the segment of abdominal esophagus always exceeds the internal gastric pressure, which helps prevent GER (Pratschke et al ., 2004). It has been documented that dogs regurgitate as a normal physiological event (Patrikios et al ., 1986).…”

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs: a review

Rodríguez-Alarcón

Rivera-Barreno

Díaz

et al. 2015

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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SummaryGastroesophageal reflux can be a catastrophic illness in small animals during anesthesia since its complications can cause serious pathologies, such as esophagitis, esophageal stenosis and aspiration pneumonia. With an incidence from 12 to 78.5% in anesthetized dogs, gastroesophageal reflux is normally silent during anesthesia and will be notices only if regurgitation occurs and stomach acid is present in the nasal or oral cavities. In humans, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a well-defined pathology where the lower esophageal sphincter has a sustained weakness. However, in dogs, gastroesophageal reflux disease as such is not well established, if at all; it has only been described as gastroesophagic reflux, occurring principally in anesthetized animals. There are several factors influencing the presentation of reflux in anesthetized dogs, which may be inherent to the patient (e.g. age, sex, breed, weight, or body condition), medications used prior to and during anesthesia, type of surgery or position of the animal during surgery. The objective of this review is to discuss a series of conditions that could predispose dogs to gastroesophageal reflux during anesthesia and to assist in the prevention and diagnosis of this condition.

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Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Breed Body Condition and Age On Ger During Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs: a review

Rodríguez-Alarcón

Rivera-Barreno

Díaz

et al. 2015

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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“…Although the effect of 5-HT on the GIT tissue can be variable, it is well known that serotonin causes contraction of the LES [Barnette et al, 1992]. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of the LES [Pratschke et al, 2004]. Numerous drugs, neurotransmitters and hormones can act via several different receptors to exert effects on the LES [Barnette et al, 1992;Saegusa et al, 2011].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter of the Least Shrew <b><i>(Cryptotis Parva)</i></b>

Al-Tikriti¹,

Khamas

Chebolu

et al. 2013

Cells Tissues Organs

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The biochemical and histopathological changes in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease have gained interest. The least shrew is able to vomit in response to emetogens and provides a good model to study the histology of this phenomenon relative to the published reports in the commonly used but vomit-incompetent laboratory species. The LES is located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. It typically closes at rest and opens in response to swallowing. Our findings demonstrate that the least shrew does not have a well-defined LES, lacks esophageal glands and has a mucosal valve-like projection from the terminal end of the esophagus before joining the gastric epithelium at the lesser curvature. In addition, the least shrew has thoracic and abdominal components prior to joining the gastric epithelium. The mucosal lining of the esophagus is folded, becoming clearly convoluted and forming a bucket-like structure at the level of the esophageocardiac junction (ECJ). No significant differences are to be found between the structure and thickness of the wall before and after the ECJ. Thus, the ECJ forming the LES is relatively less complex than those of other mammals including man. The distribution of enterochromaffin (EC) cells is confined to the lamina propria of the junction and is not associated with the cardiac glands, suggesting its functional involvement with the smooth muscle in and around the ECJ. In conclusion, the least shrew's anatomical sphincter appears ill-defined and is replaced by a less sturdy valve-like mucosal flap.

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Hiatal Hernia

Bright¹

2012

Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery

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Topography of the gastro-oesophageal junction in the dog revisited: possible clinical implications

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs: a review

Gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs: a review

Histomorphology and Immunohistochemistry of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter of the Least Shrew <b><i>(Cryptotis Parva)</i></b>

Hiatal Hernia

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