Topography of the long- to middle-wavelength sensitive cone ratio in the human retina assessed with a wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram

Kuchenbecker, James A.; Sahay, Manisha; Tait, Diane M.; Neitz, Maureen; Neitz, Jay

doi:10.1017/s0952523808080474

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The relative ratio of L to M cones among individuals with normal color vision is highly variable. The first direct evidence for the relative distribution of L versus M cones came from adaptive optics and retinal densitometry (Hofer et al, 2005, Roorda & Williams, 1999), and the results confirm reports of variation in the L:M ratio among humans with normal color vision from studies that use indirect methods (Rushton & Baker, 1964, Carroll, Neitz, & Neitz, 2002, Kuchenbecker, Sahay, Tait, Neitz & Neitz, 2008, Mollon & Bowmaker, 1992, Neitz et al, 2006,). In summary, the development of S cones and their arrangement in the adult retina compared to L and M cones all point to the identity of S cones as being distinctly different from L and M cones, with S cones being non-randomly distributed.…”

Section: Genes and The Cone Photoreceptor Mosaicsupporting

confidence: 63%

The genetics of normal and defective color vision

2011

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The contributions of genetics research to the science of normal and defective color vision over the previous few decades are reviewed emphasizing the developments in the 25 years since the last anniversary issue of Vision Research. Understanding of the biology underlying color vision has been vaulted forward through the application of the tools of molecular genetics. For all their complexity, the biological processes responsible for color vision are more accessible than for many other neural systems. This is partly because of the wealth of genetic variations that affect color perception, both within and across species, and because components of the color vision system lend themselves to genetic manipulation. Mutations and rearrangements in the genes encoding the long, middle, and short wavelength sensitive cone pigments are responsible for color vision deficiencies and mutations have been identified that affect the number of cone types, the absorption spectrum of the pigments, the functionality and viability of the cones, and the topography of the cone mosaic. The addition of an opsin gene, as occurred in the evolution of primate color vision, and has been done in experimental animals can produce expanded color vision capacities and this has provided insight into the underlying neural circuitry.

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Section: Genes and The Cone Photoreceptor Mosaicsupporting

confidence: 63%

The genetics of normal and defective color vision

2011

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“…Faster search times, automatic target selection, greater pursuit gain, as well as stronger and faster propagation of ERPs for red stimuli relative to others can be explained by early biases in visual processing. The retina has a greater proportion of red cones than green or blue (e.g., Kuchenbecker et al, 2008). Thus there are more neural responses to red through the early visual system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Inhibition Is Facilitated by a Change to Red Over Green in the Stop Signal Paradigm

Blizzard

Fierro-Rojas

Fallah

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Actions are informed by the complex interactions of response execution and inhibition networks. These networks integrate sensory information with internal states and behavioral goals to produce an appropriate action or to update an ongoing action. Recent investigations have shown that, behaviorally, attention is captured through a hierarchy of colors. These studies showed how the color hierarchy affected visual processing. To determine whether the color hierarchy can be extended to higher level executive functions such as response execution and inhibition, we conducted several experiments using the stop-signal task (SST). In the first experiment, we modified the classic paradigm so that the go signals could vary in task-irrelevant color, with an auditory stop signal. We found that the task-irrelevant color of the go signals did not differentially affect response times. In the second experiment we determined that making the color of the go signal relevant for response selection still did not affect reaction times(RTs) and, thus, execution. In the third experiment, we modified the paradigm so that the stop signal was a task relevant change in color of the go signal. The mean RT to the red stop signal was approximately 25 ms faster than to the green stop signal. In other words, red stop signals facilitated response inhibition more than green stop signals, however, there was no comparative facilitation of response execution. These findings suggest that response inhibition, but not execution, networks are sensitive to differences in color salience. They also suggest that the color hierarchy is based on attentional networks and not simply on early sensory processing.

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“…This produced two distinct cone types absorbing in the middle-tolong wavelengths: "MþL" and M. Thus, together with S cones, the treated animals had three cone types, as required for trichromacy. The spectral sensitivity shift was readily detected using a custom-built, wide-field, color multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG) system (Kuchenbecker et al 2008). In experiments performed on separate animals that were not involved in behavioral testing, the color mf-ERG was validated by treating an animal with a mixture of two viral vectors that were identical except that one carried the human L-opsin gene whereas the other carried the gene for humanized green fluorescent protein (GFP).…”

Section: Gene Therapy With L Opsin In Dichromatic Squirrel Monkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Neitz

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Topography of the long- to middle-wavelength sensitive cone ratio in the human retina assessed with a wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

The genetics of normal and defective color vision

The genetics of normal and defective color vision

Response Inhibition Is Facilitated by a Change to Red Over Green in the Stop Signal Paradigm

Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

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