Topolin cytokinins enhanced shoot proliferation, reduced hyperhydricity and altered cytokinin metabolism in Pistacia vera L. seedling explants

Effects of Monochromatic Light on Growth and Quality of Pistacia vera L.

“…However, there were more and longer usable shoots under R, which, when divided, displayed a five-times-better proliferation rate than FL. Similarly to Nezami-Alanagh et al [ 6 ], in our previous studies, we found that the proliferation rate of pistachio decreased steadily from subculture to subculture during the long-term micropropagation period [ 5 ]. However, this loss of vigor was compensated for under R in our current study.…”

“…Defoliated nodal segments (1 cm) of Pistacia vera were subcultured in 380 mL of Pistachio Optimal Medium (POM) [ 6 ] supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.7% Plant Agar, to which 10 μM mT was added before adjusting pH to 5.7 and autoclaving for 20 min at 121 °C [ 5 ]. The cultures were maintained at 25 °C under a 16 h photoperiod.…”

“…For each usable shoot, the length, total number of leaves, percentage of necrotic leaves, and percentage of shoots with shoot tip necrosis were recorded. The proliferation rate was estimated as the sum of the rounded length of each usable shoot (in cm) per explant, assuming that each internode was 1 cm long [ 5 ].…”

“…Nowadays, there is a high demand for in vitro cloned pistachio rootstocks, such as selected drought- and salt-tolerant Pistacia vera clones. It is therefore unfortunate that their micropropagation still has some bottlenecks, such as hyperhydricity (HH), shoot tip necrosis (STN), and leaf necrosis (LN) [ 4 , 5 ]. Attempts to mitigate these physiological disorders by adjusting medium composition, gelling agent, subculture duration, and cytokinin type and concentration have not led to a comprehensive solution thus far [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…It is therefore unfortunate that their micropropagation still has some bottlenecks, such as hyperhydricity (HH), shoot tip necrosis (STN), and leaf necrosis (LN) [ 4 , 5 ]. Attempts to mitigate these physiological disorders by adjusting medium composition, gelling agent, subculture duration, and cytokinin type and concentration have not led to a comprehensive solution thus far [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. However, plant tissue cultures are not only affected by the above factors, but are entirely dependent upon artificial light sources for illumination [ 8 ].…”