Topological confinement of vortices in two-flavor dense QCD

Fujimoto, Yuki; Nitta, Muneto

doi:10.1007/jhep09(2021)192

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Vortex structures in the 2SC+dd phase were studied in Refs. [130][131][132] in which an exotic vortex called a non-Abelian Alice string was found. In particular, in Ref.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids

Kobayashi,

Nitta

2022

Preprint

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We investigate vortex solutions in the Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron 3 P2 superfluids relevant for neutron star cores in which neutron pairs possess the total angular momentum J = 2 with spin-triplet and P wave, in the presence of the magnetic field parallel to the angular momentum of vortices. The ground state is known to be in the uniaxial nematic (UN) phase in the absence of magnetic field, while it is in the D2 (D4) biaxial nematic (BN) phase in the presence of the magnetic field below (above) the critical value. We find that a singly quantized vortex always splits into two half-quantized non-Abelian vortices connected by soliton(s) as a vortex molecule with any strength of the magnetic field. In the UN phase, two half-quantized vortices with ferromagnetic cores are connected by a linear soliton with the D4 BN order. In the D2 (D4) BN phase, two half-quantized vortices with cyclic cores are connected by three linear solitons with the D4 (D2) BN order. The energy of the vortex molecule monotonically increases and the distance between the two half-quantized vortices decreases with the magnetic field increases, except for a discontinuously increasing jump of the distance at the critical magnetic field. We also construct an isolated half-quantized non-Abelian vortex in the D4 BN phase.

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“…Vortex structures in the 2SC+dd phase were studied in Refs. [130][131][132] in which an exotic vortex called a non-Abelian Alice string was found. In particular, in Ref.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids

Kobayashi,

Nitta

2022

Preprint

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“…The first SSB due to the representation 6 (a 3 × 3 anti-symmetric tensor) of SU(3) yields a non-Abelian Alice strings [169,170], and the second SSB occurring due to the anti-fundamental representation 3 of SU(3) gives solitons (Aharonov-Bohm defects) attached to the Alice strings [171]. Thus, non-Abelian Alice string are confined by solitons to constitute "mesonic or baryonic molecules".…”

Section: The Georgimentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite topological solitons consisting of domain walls, strings, and monopoles in O(N) models

Eto,

Hamada,

Nitta

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We study various composites of global solitons consisting of domain walls, strings, and monopoles in linear O(N) models with N = 2 and 3. Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the O(N) symmetry down to O(N – 1) results in the vacuum manifold SN−1, together with a perturbed scalar potential in the presence of a small explicit symmetry breaking (ESB) interaction. The O(2) model is equivalent to the axion model admitting topological global (axion) strings attached by NDW domain walls. We point out for the NDW = 2 case that the topological stability of the string with two domain walls is ensured by sequential SSBs (ℤ2)2 → ℤ2 → 1, where the first SSB occurs in the vacuum leading to the topological domain wall as a mother soliton, only inside which the second SSB occurs giving rise to a subsequent kink inside the mother wall. From the bulk viewpoint, this kink is identical to a global string as a daughter soliton. This observation can be naturally ex- tended to the O(3) model, where a global monopole as a daughter soliton appears as a kink in a mother string or as a vortex on a mother domain wall, depending on ESB interactions. In the most generic case, the stability of the composite system consisting of the monopole, string, and domain wall is understood by the SSB (ℤ2)3 → (ℤ2)2 → ℤ2 → 1, in which the first SSB at the vacuum gives rise to the domain wall triggering the second one, so that the daughter string appears as a domain wall inside the mother wall triggering the third SSB, which leads to a granddaughter monopole as a kink inside the daughter vortex. We demonstrate numerical simulations for the dynamical evolution of the composite solitons.

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“…This phase is referred as the 2SC + dd phase and is further classified into deconfined and confined phases of vortices. In the deconfined phase, the most stable vortices are non-Abelian Alice strings which are superfluid vortices carrying color magnetic fluxes [28][29][30]. These are non-Abelian analogue of Alice strings [31][32][33][34][35][36][37], and in particular are an SU (3) × U (1) extension of Alice strings in SU (2) × U (1) gauge theory [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another characteristic feature, which is more important, is that particles encircling these strings can detect the colors of the strings from infinite distances by color non-singlet Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases. In the confined phase, non-Abelian Alice strings are confined by the so-called AB defects [40][41][42] appearing to compensate a discontinuity originated from non-trivial AB phases of the 2SC condensation [30]. There can exist only baryonic and mesonic bound states of the Alice strings, which exhibit color singlet AB phases of particles encircling them; The baryonic bound state consists of three Alice strings with different (red, blue, green) color magnetic fluxes with total color canceled out, which are connected by a domain wall junction resulting in a single Abelian superfluid vortex, while the mesonic bound state consists of two Alice strings with the same color magnetic fluxes, which are connected by a single domain wall resulting in a doubly-wound non-Abelian string.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral non-Abelian vortices and their confinement in three flavor dense QCD

Eto,

Nitta

2021

Preprint

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We find chiral non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortices in the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase of dense QCD as the minimum vortices carrying half color magnetic fluxes of those of non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortices (color magnetic flux tubes) and 1/6 quantized superfluid circulations of Abelian superfluid vortices. These vortices exhibit unique features: one is the so-called topological obstruction implying that unbroken symmetry generators in the bulk are not defined globally around the vortices, and the other is color non-singlet Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases implying that quarks encircling these vortices can detect the colors of magnetic fluxes of them at infinite distances. They are confined by chiral domain walls in the presence of the mass and axial anomaly terms explicitly breaking axial and chiral symmetries while they are deconfined in the absence of those terms. In the confined phase, two chiral non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortices with chiralities opposite to each other are connected by a chiral domain wall, consisting a mesonic bound state exhibiting only color singlet AB phases so that the quarks cannot detect the color of magnetic flux of such a bound state at infinite distances, and the final state of the mesonic bound state is nothing but a non-Abelian semi-superfluid vortex. We also show that Abelian and non-Abelian axial vortices attached by chiral domain walls are all unstable to decay into a set of chiral non-Abelian vortices.

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Topological confinement of vortices in two-flavor dense QCD

Cited by 12 publications

References 99 publications

Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids

Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron $^3P_2$ superfluids

Composite topological solitons consisting of domain walls, strings, and monopoles in O(N) models

Chiral non-Abelian vortices and their confinement in three flavor dense QCD

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