Topological Motifs in Cyanometallates: From Building Units to Three-Periodic Frameworks

Abstract

This review focuses on topological features of three-periodic (framework) p, d, and f metal cyano complexes or cyanometallates, i.e. coordination compounds, where CN(-) ligands play the main structure-forming role. In addition, molecular, one-periodic (chain), and two-periodic (layer) cyanometallates are considered as possible building blocks of the three-periodic cyanometallates. All cyanometallates are treated as systems of nodes (mononuclear, polynuclear, or transitional metal cluster complexes) joined together via CN-containing spacers. The most typical nodes and spacers as well as methods of their connection are described and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the overall structural motifs in the three-periodic cyanometallates, especially to the relations between the local coordination (coordination figure) of structural units and the entire framework topology. The chemical factors are discussed that influence the cyanometallate topological properties due to modification of nodes, spacers, or coordination figures.

Preparation and Characterization of Group 13 Cyanides

“…There is ongoing interest in cyanometallates due to their valuable fundamental properties and applications in the fields of hybrid polymers, magnetic materials, and 3D metal–organic frameworks . Some crystalline cyanometallates have nonlinear optical properties .…”

Cyanidosilikate – Synthese und Struktur

“…Σ r kov (Si‐C)=1.91 Å) . Da das [Si(CN) 6 ] 2− ‐Ion Koordinationspolymere durch Koordination mit Lewis‐sauren Zentren bilden kann, war es von Interesse, Metallsalze zu kristallisieren und ihre Strukturen zu untersuchen (z. B. Li + und K + ).…”

Photophysical Investigation of Silver/Gold Dicyanometallates and Tetramethylammonium Networks: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation

“…The ability of cyanometallates to form diverse structures that range from nano‐scale dimers to supramolecular 3D networks has been well documented . Despite being one of the simplest organic ligands, the ability of CN to act as a µ 1 ‐, µ 2 ‐, and µ 3 ‐ bridging unit makes diverse crystal motifs possible.…”