Topological photonics

Ozawa, Tomoki; Price, Hannah M.; Amo, A.; Goldman, Nathan; Hafezi, Mohammad; Lü, Ling; Rechtsman, Mikael C.; Schuster, David I.; Simon, Jonathan; Zilberberg, Oded; Carusotto, Iacopo

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.91.015006

Cited by 3,062 publications

(1,949 citation statements)

References 740 publications

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“…Topological photonics has arrested a great deal of interest with intriguing optical phenomena associated with the topological edge states (TESs) . Nontrivial TESs have been well revealed in two‐dimensional (2D) photonic topological insulators, which demonstrated very good robustness to structural defects or scatterers with one‐way propagations . There are also 1D topological systems that have edge states that exist at the termination of a 1D lattice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Broadband Optical Coupling by Topological Waveguide Arrays

Song

Sun

Chen

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Photonic topological states have been exploited to give rise to robust optical behaviors that are quite insensitive to local defects or perturbations, which provide a promising solution for robust photonic integrations. Specifically, for example, optical coupling between waveguides is a universal function in integrated photonics. However, the coupling performance usually suffers from high structure‐sensitivity and challenges current manufacturing for massive production. Here, the topological edge state in a finite Su–Schriffer–Heeger modeled optical waveguide array is explored and robust optical coupling (e.g., directional coupling and beam splitting) is demonstrated, which is quite insensitive to structural variations. It is experimentally proved that even a large discrepancy (21–26% structural deviation) in silicon waveguides gaps has little influence on optical coupling (>90% performance), while conventional counterparts totally break down. Moreover, thanks to such a topological design, the devices show much broader working bandwidth (≈10 times performance improvement) than the conventional ones, greatly favoring the photonic integrations. This work would inspire new families of optical devices with robust and broadband properties that can excite more interesting and useful exploration in both fields, and possibly open a new avenue toward topological devices with unique properties and functionalities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust and Broadband Optical Coupling by Topological Waveguide Arrays

Song

Sun

Chen

et al. 2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…The discovery of topological insulators in condensed‐matter systems has promoted extensive research on analogous systems of classical waves including acoustics and photonics . Uniquely, these systems have insulating bulk but conducting interfaces that host chiral one‐way or helical spin‐polarized edge states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic‐Dual Metasurfaces for Topological States along a 1D Interface

Bisharat

Sievenpiper

2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The discovery of topological insulators was rapidly followed by the advent of their photonic analogues, motivated by the prospect of backscattering‐immune light propagation. So far, however, implementations have mainly relied on engineering bulk modes in photonic crystals and waveguide arrays in two‐dimensional (2D) systems, which closely mimic their electronic counterparts. In addition, metamaterials‐based implementations subject to electromagnetic duality and bianisotropy conditions suffer from intricate designs and narrow operating bandwidths. Here, it is shown that symmetry‐protected topological states akin to the quantum spin‐Hall effect can be realized in a straightforward manner by coupling surface modes over metasurfaces of complementary electromagnetic responses. Specifically, stacking unit cells of such metasurfaces directly results in double Dirac cones of degenerate transverse‐electric (TE) and transverse‐magnetic (TM) modes, which break into a wide nontrivial bandgap at small interlayer separation. Consequently, the ultrathin structure supports robust gapless edge states, which are confined along a one‐dimensional (1D) line rather than a surface interface, as demonstrated at microwave frequencies by near‐field imaging. The simplicity and versatility of the proposed approach proves attractive as a tabletop platform for the study of classical topological phases, as well as for applications benefiting the compactness of metasurfaces and the potential of topological insulators.

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“…[26][27][28][29] A typical method to resolve multimodes is based on far-field coupling to form different incident wavevectors k, that is, k-resolved method. [34][35][36][37][38][39] For example, in valley photonic crystals, the binary states at K/K (different wavevectors) are locked to a pair of valley pseudospins with OAM-like phase vortex. [34][35][36][37][38][39] For example, in valley photonic crystals, the binary states at K/K (different wavevectors) are locked to a pair of valley pseudospins with OAM-like phase vortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Excitation of Band Extrema in Valley Photonic Crystals

Yuan

Zhao

et al. 2019

Annalen der Physik

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Flexible control of building blocks of photonic crystals enables achieving desirable band structures. Exploration of photonic band extrema has brought many fantastic features to design artificial optical materials, such as Brillouin-zone-corner extrema for valley photonic materials and zone-center extremum for zero-index metamaterials. However, two such kinds of extrema are always found independently in different photonic crystals. In this work, a kind of valley photonic crystals possessing both zone-center and zone-corner band extrema almost at the same frequency is proposed. Inspired by antennas theory, a three-antenna array (TAA) source is devoted to individually manipulate each extremum. The correlation coefficient is given to determine the coupling efficiency between the TAA source and extrema eigenmodes. By using a source with a high correlation coefficient, these extrema bulk states are selectively excited consistent with their eigenfields. Furthermore, three control cases are shown that multiple extrema points are simultaneously excited, in order to confirm the validity of the correlation coefficient. Finally, a potential application of a beam-steering device is proposed through selective excitation of ternary extrema. This work develops binary valley states into ternary mix states, rendering more degrees of freedom for on-chip optical information transport, particularly for beam steering and mode division multiplexing.

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Topological photonics

Cited by 3,062 publications

References 740 publications

Robust and Broadband Optical Coupling by Topological Waveguide Arrays

Robust and Broadband Optical Coupling by Topological Waveguide Arrays

Electromagnetic‐Dual Metasurfaces for Topological States along a 1D Interface

Selective Excitation of Band Extrema in Valley Photonic Crystals

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