Diffuse intensities in alloys are measured by a variety of techniques, such as x‐ray,electron and neutron scattering. Above a structural phase transformation boundary, typically in the solid‐solution phasewhere most materials processing takes place, the diffuse intensities yield valuable information regarding analloy's tendency to order. This has been a main stay characterization technique for binary alloys for over a half a century. Although multicomponent metallic alloys are the most technologically important, they also pose a great experimental and theoretical challenge. For this reason, a vast majority of experimental and theoretical effort has been on binary systems, and most investigated “ternary” systems are either limited to a small percentage of ternary solute (say, to investigate electron‐per‐atom effects) or they are pseudo‐binary systems.
This article discusses an electronic‐based theoretical method for calculating the structural ordering in multicomponent alloys and understanding the electronic origin for this chemical ordering behavior. This theory is based on the ideas of concentration waves using a modern electronic‐structure method. We give examples that show how we determined the electronic origin behind the unusual ordering behavior in a few binary and ternary alloy systems that were not understood prior to our work. The theoretical approach is compared to other complimentary techniques for completeness. In addition, some details are given about the theory and its underpinnings. In particular, it has been explained only recently how important a proper representation of charge density is when applying various approximations to represent ordered and, especially, disordered alloys, which we provide some examples.