Topology and dynamics of phospholipids in membranes

Deenen, L.L.M. Van

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(81)80007-5

Cited by 134 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Table 1 shows that in ghosts loaded with ATP and in the native erythrocytes, the fast diffusing component corresponds to the major fluorescent fraction when using aminophospholipids and to a minor fraction when using the phosphatidylcholine derivative. For each specific phospholipid, the percentage of fast diffusing component is similar to the percentage of the naturally occuring phospholipid in the inner monolayer (7). A reasonable conclusion is that the lipid diffusibility is high in the inner monolayer and low in the outer monolayer.…”

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confidence: 49%

“…An alternative approach is to compare the results obtained with selective probes ofthe inner or outer monolayer. In the native erythrocyte membrane, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is located in the outer monolayer while phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) are located mainly in the inner monolayer (7). It was shown by several groups that exogenous phospholipids, when introduced in the erythrocytes, orient themselves as do endogenous phospholipids, providing the cells contain ATP (8)(9)(10).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric lateral mobility of phospholipids in the human erythrocyte membrane.

Morrot¹,

Cribier²,

Devaux³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The fluorescent phospholipid 1-acyl-2-[12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminododecanoyl]phosphatidylcholine (NBD-phosphatidylcholine) and the corresponding aminophospholipid derivatives (NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine and NBD-phosphatidylserine) were introduced in the human erythrocyte membrane by a nonspecific phospholipid exchange protein purified from corn. The lateral mobility of the fluorescent phospholipids was measured by using an extension of the classical photobleaching recovery technique that takes advantage of a modulated fringe pattern and provides a high sensitivity. In intact erythrocytes and in ghosts resealed in the presence of ATP, the fluorescence-contrast curves after photobleaching decayed biexponentially corresponding to two lateral diffusion constants. With NBD-phosphatidylcholine, the majority of the signal corresponded to a "slow" component (1.08 x 10-9 cm2/sec at 20°C), whereas with the amino derivatives the majority of the signal corresponded to a "fast" component (5.14 x 10-9 cm2/sec at 20°C). If the ghosts were resealed without ATP, the fast component of the aminophospholipids disappeared. We interpret these results as follows: (i) Provided the cells or the ghosts contain ATP, the three fluorescent phospholipids distribute spontaneously between inner and outer leaflets as endogenous phospholipids, namely NBD-phosphatidylcholine is located in the outer leaflet, while both aminophospholipids are preferentially located in the inner leaflet. (ii) The viscosity of the inner leaflet of human erythrocyte membranes is lower than that of the outer leaflet.ESR as well as fluorescence techniques have been used to assess the physical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. Several independent workers have suggested that the outer monolayer has a higher viscosity (1-3). However, the fluorescence polarization experiments by Schachter et al. (4) suggested a lower viscosity of the outer monolayer. Photobleaching experiments in turkey erythrocytes by Henis et al. (5) indicated identical lipid diffusibility in both layers below 24°C and higher lipid diffusibility in the external layer above 30°C. However, the same group reported a higher lipid diffusibility in the internal monolayer of human erythrocytes at 20°C and a higher lipid diffusibility in the external monolayer at 6°C (6). Thus the difference in lipid "mobility" or "fluidity" between inner and outer leaflets is still controversial.There are several difficulties with these experiments. First, the selective probing of the inner and outer monolayer could introduce spurious effects. Henis and collaborators (5, 6) attempted to compare nonpermeant probes in intact cells and in leaky ghosts. The drawback of their method was to compare an intact cell with a modified system and assume arbitrarily that the membrane fluidity was not affected. An alternative approach is to compare the results obtained with selective probes ofthe inner or outer monolayer. In the native erythrocyte membrane, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is located in the outer mo...

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mentioning

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric lateral mobility of phospholipids in the human erythrocyte membrane.

Morrot¹,

Cribier²,

Devaux³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Transbilayer movement of phospholipids is known to be a dynamic feature of a membrane structure [25,26] and has been revealed both in Gram-positive [27,28] and Gram-negative bacteria [29,30]. Molecular mechanisms determining the rate of the transbilayer movement of phospholipids are not completely understood.…”

Section: The Initiation Of the Transmembrane Translocation Of Phosphomentioning

confidence: 99%

On the possible participation of acid phospholipids in the translocation of secreted proteins through the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

Nesmeyanova

1982

FEBS Letters

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“…Phenylhydrazine can generate superoxide radicals in vitro (1 1,12). Its administration to animals can induce peroxidative lipid damage of erythrocytes, resulting in the accumulation of MDA, an end product of fatty acid peroxidation reactions, and the cross-linking of MDA with aminophospholipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now well established that phospholipid distribution across erythrocyte membrane bilayer is asymmetrical (1). Sphingomyelin (SM)' and phosphatidyicholine (PC) are predominantly present in the outer bilayer, and entire phosphatidylserine (PS) and most of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are present on the inner side of the membrane bilayer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo externalization of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane bilayer and hypercoagulability by the lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes in rats.

Jain¹

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

136

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Phospholipid distribution across erythrocyte membrane bilayer is asymmetrical. In normal erythrocytes, entire phosphatidylserine (PS) and most of the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is present on the cytoplasmic side of membrane bilayer, whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) are predominantly present at the outer side of membrane bilayer. The present study was undertaken to determine whether membrane lipid peroxidation has any effect on the distribution of PS, PE, and PC across erythrocyte membrane bilayer in vivo in an animal model. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was induced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine, an oxidant drug. Membrane phospholipid organization was determined by using bee venom phospholipase-A2 and indirectly by measuring clotting time on recalcification of normal human platelet-poor plasma in the presence of Russell's viper venom. Phenylhydrazine administration to rats caused significant membrane lipid peroxidation as measured by the accumulation of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), an end product of fatty acid peroxidation, as well as externalization of a significant portion of PS and PE from the inner to the outer side of membrane bilayer in erythrocytes. There was a significant positive correlation (r) between the amount of MDA accumulated in the erythrocytes and the movement of PS (r = 0.92) and PE (r = 0.96) from inner to the outer membrane bilayer and PC (r = 0.81) from outer to the inner membrane bilayer. Erythrocytes of phenylhydrazine-treated rats also showed significantly reduced clotting time. This reduction in clotting time had a significant positive correlation with MDA accumulation (r = 0.92) and PS externalization (r = 0.90). Both the effect of phenylhydrazine on erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and alterations in phospholipid organization and coagulability were blocked when rats were simultaneously administered with vitamin E or C antioxidants.

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Topology and dynamics of phospholipids in membranes

Cited by 134 publications

References 77 publications

Asymmetric lateral mobility of phospholipids in the human erythrocyte membrane.

Asymmetric lateral mobility of phospholipids in the human erythrocyte membrane.

On the possible participation of acid phospholipids in the translocation of secreted proteins through the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

In vivo externalization of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane bilayer and hypercoagulability by the lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes in rats.

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