“…Within the context of single rate and multi-rate multicast service provisioning, studies have addressed issues of bandwidth/rate allocation [23, 31, 57, 59, 111, 115-119, 122, 134], routing [27,28,102,121,144] and reliability [30,34,60]. Most of the literature on rate allocation is done via the notion of fairness [23, 31, 111, 115-119, 122, 134], specifically, max-min fairness [14] and proportional fairness [63].…”