Topology, Modeling, and Design of Switched-Capacitor-Based Cell Balancing Systems and Their Balancing Exploration

Ye, Yuanmao; Cheng, Ka Wai Eric; Fong, Yat Chi; Xue, Xiao; Lin, Jun

doi:10.1109/tpel.2016.2584925

Cited by 179 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Considering the lossy components, the current magnitude is determined by the equivalent resistance of the SC unit and the difference between the input and output voltages. The behavioral models [30] of the proposed SC converters can be described as Figure 2. The average charging or discharging current for the ith battery, Ich,i or Idch,i, can be described by the following functions: To realize individual charge control of the series-connected cells, the gating signals of the corresponding T 1 is enabled or disabled with discrete logic or pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal.…”

Section: Equivalent Models Of the Simo And Miso Sc Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A novel implementation of multi-port zero-current switching (ZCS) switched-capacitor (SC) converters for battery management applications is presented. In addition to the auto-balancing feature offered by the SC technique, the proposed SC converter permits individual control of the charging or discharging current of the series-connected energy storage elements, such as the battery or super-capacitor cells. This approach enables advanced state control and accelerates the equalizing process by coordinated operation with the battery management system (BMS) and an adjustable voltage source, which can be implemented by a DC-DC converter interfaced to the energy storage string. Different configurations, including the single-input multi-output (SIMO), multi-input single-output (MISO) SC converters, and the corresponding altered circuits for string-to-cells, cells-to-string, as well as cells-to-cells equalizers, are discussed with a circuit analysis and derivation of the associated mathematical representation. The simulation study and experimental results indicated a significant increase in the balancing speed with the presence of BMS and closed-loop control of cell currents.

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Section: Equivalent Models Of the Simo And Miso Sc Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

et al. 2018

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“…Assuming that u Cm1 (0 − ) is −4 V, i mm (0 − ) is 1.875 A, i Lm (0 − ) is 1.87496 A, Similarly, the waveforms can be obtained as follows: Figure 8 shows that the current of the transformer decreases almost as a sinusoidal function, and energy flows are characterized in (17), where E Rmm is the loss of the circuit resistance, E Likm is the loss of leakage inductance, E Lm is the actual release energy of the transformer, E Rm is the loss of excitation resistance, and E Cm1 is the energy absorbed by the capacitance C m1 .…”

Section: Operation Of Energy Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topology was simple and easy to control. Different battery balancing circuit topologies are reported depending on the energy storage component, such as a novel voltage equalizer based on the two-phase switched capacitor technique [15], single switched capacitor (SSC) cell balancing [16], an equalization system based on a quasi-resonant switched-capacitor converter [17] and a flying-capacitor-based chopper circuit for DC capacitor voltage equalization in diode-clamped multilevel inverters [18]. Topologies based on transformers are also widely discussed due to their high balancing current and efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Equalization by Fly-Back Transformers with Inductance, Capacitance and Diode Absorbing Circuits

Liu

Sun

et al. 2017

Energies

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Battery equalization can increase batteries' life cycle, utilization, and reliability. Compared with battery equalization topologies based on resistance or energy storage components, the topologies based on transformers have the advantages of high balancing current and efficiency. However, the existence of switching losses will reduce the reliability and service life span of the equalization circuit. Aiming at resolving this problem, a new battery equalization topology by fly-back transformer with an absorbing circuit is proposed in this paper. Compared with other transformer-based topologies, it can decrease switching losses because the voltage/current spike is solved by the absorbing circuit which is composed of inductance, capacitance and diode (LCD), and it can also maintain a high balancing current of about 1.8 A and high efficiency of about 89%, while the balancing current and efficiency of other topologies were usually 1.725 A/1.5 A and 80%/80.4%. The working principle of the balancing topology and the process of soft switching are analyzed and calculated in the frequency domain. Due to the addition of the LCD absorbing circuit, soft switching can be realized to reduce the switching losses while the high equalization speed and efficiency are still maintained. The corresponding control strategy of the balancing topology is also proposed and the timely balancing is achieved. The theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and experimental results.

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“…With rapid development of EV, battery cell balancing has attracted much attention. Researches on battery balancing mainly include balancing methods [4,5,6,7,8], strategies [9,10,11,12] and control algorithms [13,14,15,16]. Related reviews can be found in [17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A highly-integrated and efficient commercial distributed EV battery balancing system

Chen

Jun

Zheng

et al. 2018

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper focuses on the imbalance problem of serial cells in lithium-ion batteries applied in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to meet more strict requirements of size, efficiency, cost, and reliability in commercial application, a highly-integrated and efficient distributed battery balancing system is developed. In the system, each balancing node (BN) and its controller, a designed specific integrated circuit (IC), are independent, distributed and integrated in an IC-packaged module. Besides, a 50% stateof-charge (SOC)-aligned balancing strategy is proposed and applied. The experiment and commercial application results show the designed balancing system performs excellently in improving battery capacity and extending cycle life.

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Topology, Modeling, and Design of Switched-Capacitor-Based Cell Balancing Systems and Their Balancing Exploration

Cited by 179 publications

References 34 publications

Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

Battery Equalization by Fly-Back Transformers with Inductance, Capacitance and Diode Absorbing Circuits

A highly-integrated and efficient commercial distributed EV battery balancing system

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