Topology optimization as a powerful tool to design advanced PEMFCs flow fields

Abstract

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A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems

“…Only the Navier-Stokes equations are approximated by FEM, while the Lagrangian transport is modelled cross-section-wise. Behrou et al [106] presented a density-based approach for the design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a depth-averaged two-dimensional approximation of reactive porous media flow. Chen et al [107] extended their previous work [104] to three-dimensional problems.…”

“…However, some works directly approximate a three-dimensional plane problem, with a small thickness, using a two-dimensional simplification, either stated explicitly [43,64,67,68,106,112,116,134,140,142,143,149] or implicitly [50,67,87,102,107]. Out of these, only three papers [106,140,143] include the viscous resistance from the friction due to the out-of-plane viscous boundary layers. This is despite the fact that a simple expression is given in the original works on the subject [7,8].…”

Modelling of redox flow battery electrode processes at a range of length scales: a review

“…Originating in PEFCs, Guo et al 178 created leaf-like ow elds emulating the venous, biological structure found in plants and blood vessels. Employing a topological optimisation, Behrou et al 179 proposed a depth-averaging model to maximise power density in PEFCs. The topological optimisation procedure has taken root in RFBs as a numerical study; 180 however, the performance of many of these ow eld designs has yet to be experimentally validated.…”

An Experimental Method to Measure Flow Distribution in the Cathode of High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Stack

“…The performance and life of the HT‐PEMFC stack are much lower than that of the LT‐PEMFC stack, which is mainly caused by poor consistency of the HT‐PEMFC stack at present . The factors that affect the HT‐PEMFC stack consistency are numerous, among which the uniformity of the flow distribution within the cell and between cells is very important …”

“…The performance and life of the HT-PEMFC stack are much lower than that of the LT-PEMFC stack, which is mainly caused by poor consistency of the HT-PEMFC stack at present. [3][4][5][6] The factors that affect the HT-PEMFC stack consistency are numerous, among which the uniformity of the flow distribution within the cell [7] and between cells is very important. [8,9] Most of the research on flow distribution between cells focuses on numerical simulation, which is mainly related to the influence of the structure parameters and operating parameters of manifolds on flow distribution in the stack.…”