Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wingstructures

Jensen, Peter Dørffler Ladegaard; Wang, Fengwen; Dimino, Ignazio; Sigmund, Ole

doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0051.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Both compliant and kinematic layouts are currently studied to implement the morphing wing capability. Compliant architectures rely on the controlled deformation of subcomponents to smoothly modify the overall shape of the assembly [7]- [9]. This requires tailoring the structural compliance to accommodate large deformations and provide enough robustness to preserve a given shape under external aerodynamic loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphing Wing Technologies within the Airgreen 2 Project

Dimino

Moëns

Pecora

et al. 2022

AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphing Wing Technologies within the Airgreen 2 Project

Dimino

Moëns

Pecora

et al. 2022

AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum

Self Cite

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Study on the Actuation Aspects for a Morphing Aileron Using an Energy–Based Design Approach

Gaspari

2022

Actuators

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Evaluating the impact of morphing devices in terms of actuation energy is a promising approach to quantify, from the earliest stages of wing design, the convenience of active camber morphing compared to the use of conventional control surfaces. A morphing wing device consists of an adaptive structure coupled with an actuation system. The starting point for the design of the adaptive structure is a three-dimensional parametric-geometry-representation technique working on the definition of the external morphing shape. The morphing shape is defined to be feasible from the structural point of view and able to meet the aerodynamic design requirements. The new method presented here enables the computation of the actuation energy as a combination of strain energy and external aerodynamic work. The former is the energy required to deform the skin and can be computed in an analytical way, based on the same quantities used by the parameterization technique. The latter is used to compute the energy needed to counteract the external aerodynamic loads during the deformation. This method is applied to the design optimization of a morphing aileron which is installed on a 24 m span wing, starts at 65% of both the chord and the semi-span and extends for one third of the span. A parametric study shows the superiority of the morphing aileron, compared with an equivalent hinged aileron, in terms of energy saving, weight penalty reduction and ease of on-board installation. The morphing aileron is more compact and requires a lower actuation energy combined with a lower deflection, while providing the same roll moment.

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A Self–Tuning Intelligent Controller for a Smart Actuation Mechanism of a Morphing Wing Based on Shape Memory Alloys

Grigorie,

Botez

2023

Actuators

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The paper exposes some of the results obtained in a major research project related to the design, development, and experimental testing of a morphing wing demonstrator, with the main focus on the development of the automatic control of the actuation system, on its integration into the experimental developed morphing wing system, and on the gain related to the extension of the laminar flow over the wing upper surface when it was morphed based on this control system. The project was a multidisciplinary one, being realized in collaboration between several Canadian research teams coming from universities, research institutes, and industrial entities. The project’s general aim was to reduce the operating costs for the new generation of aircraft via fuel economy in flight and also to improve aircraft performance, expand its flight envelope, replace conventional control surfaces, reduce drag to improve range, and reduce vibrations and flutter. In this regard, the research team realized theoretical studies, accompanied by the development and wind tunnel experimental testing of a rectangular wing model equipped with a morphing skin, electrical smart actuators, and pressure sensors. The wing model was designed to be actively controlled so as to change its shape and produce the expansion of laminar flow on its upper surface. The actuation mechanism used to change the wing shape by morphing its flexible upper surface (manufactured from composite materials) is based on Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) actuators. Shown here are the smart mechanism used to actuate the wing’s upper surface, the design of the intelligent actuation control concept, which uses a self–tuning fuzzy logic Proportional–Integral–Derivative plus conventional On–Off controller, and some of the results provided by the wind tunnel experimental testing of the model equipped with the intelligent controlled actuation system. The control mechanism uses two fuzzy logic controllers, one used as the main controller and the other one as the tuning controller, having the role of adjusting (to tune) the coefficients involved in the operation of the main controller. The control system also took into account the physical limitations of the SMA actuators, including a software protection section for the SMA wires, implemented by using a temperature limiter and by saturating the electrical current powering the actuators. The On–Off component of the integrated controller deactivates or activates the heating phase of the SMA wires, a situation when the actuator passes into the cooling phase or is controlled by the Self–Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller.

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Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wingstructures

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Morphing Wing Technologies within the Airgreen 2 Project

Morphing Wing Technologies within the Airgreen 2 Project

Study on the Actuation Aspects for a Morphing Aileron Using an Energy–Based Design Approach

A Self–Tuning Intelligent Controller for a Smart Actuation Mechanism of a Morphing Wing Based on Shape Memory Alloys

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