Topology optimization of liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks: An experimental and numerical study

Zeng, Shi; Lee, Poh Seng

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.051

Cited by 92 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Kobayashi et al [140] used topology optimisation to design extruded winglets for fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Zeng and Lee [141] extended their previous work to the design of liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks with in-depth numerical and experimental investigations. Jahan et al [142] designed conformal cooling channels for plastic injection molds using a two-dimensional simplification.…”

Section: Forced Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For forced convection cooling of heat sinks, pseudo-3D models have been proposed [113,127,128,141,143] consisting of two layers in order to approximate the temperature of both the heat source and a cross-section of the heat sink. Furthermore, a cross-sectional model for forced convection has also been proposed for flow that is fully-developed in the out-of-plane direction [121].…”

Section: D Simplification Of 3dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 12 papers, or 7%, contain some form of experimental investigation of the topology-optimised designs. These cover fixed-geometry fluid diodes [43,68], small scale rotary pumps [62], forced convection heat sinks [116,128,141,146], passive coolers for light-emitting diode lamps [154,155], porous bioreactors [186], particle separators [102], and conformal cooling channels [142].…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems

Alexandersen

Andreasen

2020

Fluids

203

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This review paper provides an overview of the literature for topology optimisation of fluid-based problems, starting with the seminal works on the subject and ending with a snapshot of the state of the art of this rapidly developing field. “Fluid-based problems” are defined as problems where at least one governing equation for fluid flow is solved and the fluid–solid interface is optimised. In addition to fluid flow, any number of additional physics can be solved, such as species transport, heat transfer and mechanics. The review covers 186 papers from 2003 up to and including January 2020, which are sorted into five main groups: pure fluid flow; species transport; conjugate heat transfer; fluid–structure interaction; microstructure and porous media. Each paper is very briefly introduced in chronological order of publication. A quantititive analysis is presented with statistics covering the development of the field and presenting the distribution over subgroups. Recommendations for focus areas of future research are made based on the extensive literature review, the quantitative analysis, as well as the authors’ personal experience and opinions. Since the vast majority of papers treat steady-state laminar pure fluid flow, with no recent major advancements, it is recommended that future research focuses on more complex problems, e.g., transient and turbulent flow.

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Section: Forced Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Simplification Of 3dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems

Alexandersen

Andreasen

2020

Fluids

203

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“…Matsumori et al 11 focused on the heat exchangers under constant input power. Zeng and Lee 12 and Li et al 13 studied the optimization of heat sink with experimental and numerical investigations. Further, the optimization problems have become more and more complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stabilized parametric level‐set XFEM topology optimization method for thermal‐fluid problem

Lin

Zhu

et al. 2021

Numerical Meth Engineering

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This article presents a stabilized level-set topology optimization method for the design of a thermal-fluid system. The steady-state laminar Navier-Stokes equation and the convection-diffusion equation are used to model the thermal-fluid problem. The compactly supported radial basis functions are employed to describe the fluid-solid interfaces. The extended finite element method is used to interpolate the material domain and the non-slip interface conditions are weakly enforced by the Nitsche's method. To overcome the numerical instabilities during the optimization process, a distance-regularized method based on adopting a modified energy potential functional is proposed and the signed distance property around the structural boundaries is obtained.In the numerical experiments, two-dimensional numerical models considering minimizing the average or maximum temperature are used to reveal the validity and merits of the proposed method.

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“…The results showed that design has lower thermal resistance and a smaller mass. Zhao et al [ 18 ] proposed a plan to optimize the internal passage and the layout of the inlet and outlet of the heat sink. Zeng et al [ 19 ] carried out topology optimization with the goals of minimum pressure drop and minimum temperature, and they analyzed the performance by numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Performance of a Novel Radiator with Three Inlets and One Outlet Based on Topology Optimization

2021

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In recent years, in order to obtain a radiator with strong heat exchange capacity, researchers have proposed a lot of heat exchangers to improve heat exchange capacity significantly. However, the cooling abilities of heat exchangers designed by traditional design methods is limited even if the geometric parameters are optimized at the same time. However, using topology optimization to design heat exchangers can overcome this design limitation. Furthermore, researchers have used topology optimization theory to designed one-to-one and many-to-many inlet and outlet heat exchangers because it can effectively increase the heat dissipation rate. In particular, it can further decrease the hot-spot temperature for many-to-many inlet and outlet heat exchangers. Therefore, this article proposes novel heat exchangers with three inlets and one outlet designed by topology optimization to decrease the fluid temperature at the outlet. Subsequently, the effect of the channel depth on the heat exchanger design is also studied. The results show that the type of exchanger varies with the channel depth, and there exists a critical depth value for obtaining the minimum substrate temperature difference. Then, the flow and heat transfer performance of the heat exchangers are numerically investigated. The numerical results show that the heat exchanger derived by topology optimization with the minimum temperature difference as the goal (Model-2) is the best design for flow and heat transfer performance compared to other heat sink designs, including the heat exchanger derived by topology optimization having the average temperature as the goal (Model-1) and conventional straight channels (Model-3). The temperature difference of Model-1 can be reduced by 37.5%, and that of Model-2 can be decreased by 62.5% compared to Model-3. Compared with Model-3, the thermal resistance of Model-1 can be reduced by 21.86%, while that of Model-2 can be decreased by 47.99%. At room temperature, we carried out the forced convention experimental test for Model-2 to measure its physical parameters (temperature, pressure drop) to verify the numerical results. The error of the average wall temperature between experimental results and simulation results is within 2.6 K, while that of the fluid temperature between the experimental and simulation results is within 1.4 K, and the maximum deviation of the measured Nu and simulated Nu was less than 5%. This indicated that the numerical results agreed well with the experimental results.

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Topology optimization of liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks: An experimental and numerical study

Cited by 92 publications

References 38 publications

A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems

A Review of Topology Optimisation for Fluid-Based Problems

A stabilized parametric level‐set XFEM topology optimization method for thermal‐fluid problem

Study of the Performance of a Novel Radiator with Three Inlets and One Outlet Based on Topology Optimization

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