Topology optimization of multi-scale structures: a review

Abstract

Multi-scale structures, as found in nature (e.g., bone and bamboo), hold the promise of achieving superior performance while being intrinsically lightweight, robust, and multi-functional. Recent years have seen a rapid development in topology optimization approaches for designing multi-scale structures, but the field actually dates back to the seminal paper by Bendsøe and Kikuchi from 1988 (Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 71(2): pp. 197–224). In this review, we intend to categorize existing approaches, explain the principles of each category, analyze their strengths and applicabilities, and discuss open research questions. The review and associated analyses will hopefully form a basis for future research and development in this exciting field.

Evaluation of the Suitability of Draw Hook Used in Rail Systems for Topology Optimization

“…Ayrıca hacim, doğal frekans, yer değiştirme ve reaksiyon kuvveti gibi değerleri de sabit kalması veya belirli bir aralıkta kalması yönünde sınırlama olarak belirlenebilir. Optimizasyon çalışmasının amacına ulaşabilmesi içinse istenen oranlarda hacmi azaltmak, rijitliği artırmak, yer değiştirmeyi azaltmak, ilk doğal frekansı artırmak veya reaksiyon kuvvetini azaltmak gibi hedefler belirlenebilir [28].…”

A Comparative Study of the Application of Different Commercial Software for Topology Optimization

“…In topometry optimization, each element of the structure can be optimized independently [6]. At the topology optimization category, there is both the traditional TO at the macroscale level and the lattice optimization at the meso-and microscale levels of the structure [7][8][9]. Generative design, with its flexibility, could be added to this category [10].…”

An Aggregation-Free Local Volume Fraction Formulation for Topological Design of Porous Structure

“…Besides the homogenization theory, the substructure and a promising post-process named as de-homogenization can also be the candidate to bridge the macrostructure and porous material [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. For the extensive topic, readers can be referenced to the insightful review [ 28 ].…”