Topology optimization of reinforced concrete structures considering control of shrinkage and strength failure

Opportunities and challenges for structural engineering of digitally fabricated concrete

“…concrete having different strengths in traction and compression). In response, several extensions to the original formulation have been proposed thus far [104][105][106][107] and for the simultaneous optimisation of concrete and rebars [108][109][110]. However, only few of these algorithms have found their way into mainstream use; the common methodology involves using minimum compliance designs in the conceptual design stage; thereafter, several more design iterations are performed using traditional finite element modelling for studying the buckling behaviour of local members, fatigue constraints, vibrations, fire safety, robustness, etc.…”

Topology optimization of multi-material structures with elastoplastic strain hardening model

“…where the penalisation value Therefore, a penalty number equal to 3 is widely used in many literatures (Bendsøe and Sigmund 1999;Huang and Xie 2009;Luo and Kang 2012;Luo et al 2015). Equation ( 20) is one of the important interpolations proposed in this paper which develops a straightforward approach for adopting different plasticity models and hardening rules for each material phase.…”

“…However, linear-elastic material modelling is inadequate when the structural behaviour of the realistic real-life design exceeds the elastic range. Studies emerged to address the problem, especially for those materials such as concrete or soil that have unequal compression and tensile strength incorporating the different mechanical properties of composite materials into topology optimization (Querin et al 2010;Victoria et al 2011;Liu and Qiao 2011;Luo and Kang 2012;Luo et al 2015). In recent decades, the nonlinear material behaviour has also been considered to achieve a more reliable design by topology optimization.…”

Reinforcement layout design of RC structures under multiple load cases using truss-like material model

“…Amir and Sigmund (2013) studied the optimal layout of RC structures based on the ground structure approach. A topology optimization approach for RC structures considering shrinkage effect was put forward by Luo et al (2015). Yang et al (2018) studied reinforcement layout design for concrete structures based on the truss-like material model.…”