Toroidal metasurfaces in a 2D flatland

Gupta, Manoj; Singh, Ranjan

doi:10.1016/j.revip.2020.100040

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Later, Dubovik found the possibility to introducing the new class of moment, namely toroidal moment with different time–space symmetry 105‐107 . Since then the toroidal moments have already been intensively studied in nuclear, atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, and electrodynamics 32,105‐113 . A static toroidal moment can exist in various materials including metals, 114 glasses, 115 boracites, 116 pyroxens, 117 olivenes, 118 bulky crystals, 119 and biological and chemical macromolecules 120,121 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[105][106][107] Since then the toroidal moments have already been intensively studied in nuclear, atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, and electrodynamics. 32,[105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113] A static toroidal moment can exist in various materials including metals, 114 glasses, 115 boracites, 116 pyroxens, 117 olivenes, 118 bulky crystals, 119 and biological and chemical macromolecules. 120,121 In addition to static moments, dynamic toroidal moments, also called as toroidal excitations, can be induced by interacting with incident optical fields and make contributions over the entire electromagnetic spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subwavelength optical localization with toroidal excitations in plasmonic and Mie metamaterials

Yang

Shen

et al. 2021

InfoMat

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Since the performance of electronic circuits is becoming rather limited in face of intensively increasing of amount of information and related operations, all‐optical processing offers a promising strategy for future information system. It would benefit a great deal if the all‐optical processing could be implemented within the developed electronic chips of nanoscale structures. In that it is highly desirable to break the diffraction limit of light for achieving effective light manipulations with deep subwavelength structures compatible with the state‐of‐the‐art nanofabrication processes. It is of fundamental importance to get subwavelength optical localization, that is, squeeze light wave into subwavelength space for achieving freely manipulating of light fields. This review summarizes the development in realizing subwavelength optical localization by exciting toroidal mode in photonic metamaterials. The toroidal excitations in plasmonic metamaterials and Mie resonant metamaterials, in 3D structures and planar metamaterials, with single or few layers in spectral regime from microwave to optical frequencies are surveyed. Based on the discussion on the configurations of toroidal excitations, the recent development on toroidal‐related optical scattering control actively manipulates the toroidal excitations, and promising applications are further investigated and highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subwavelength optical localization with toroidal excitations in plasmonic and Mie metamaterials

Yang

Shen

et al. 2021

InfoMat

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“…The metasurface is assembled by pressing the cuboid resonators into the equivalent cases of the PLA substrate. The target working frequency of the metasurfaces is in the microwave K-band (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Metasurface Layout and Operation Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be overcome in specially engineered metasurfaces, where toroidal resonances become dominant, thus enabling not only the investigation of their elusive physics [22][23][24] but also their use in various applications. [25][26][27][28] As a result, the growing research efforts put in the study of toroidal MS have led to numerous demonstrations of their practical potential, for example, for polarization conversion, [29] beam steering, [30] high-quality factor filtering, [23,[31][32][33][34][35] and narrowband absorption and directional emission. [36] Although several of the thus far investigated toroidal MS employ metallic meta-atoms, [31,[37][38][39] in certain cases these have an intricate shape and they anyhow suffer from ohmic losses, which can dampen their EM response and hinder their up-scaling to higher frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Dielectric Toroidal Metasurfaces for Angular‐Dependent Resonant Polarization Beam Splitting

Zografopoulos

Algorri

Fuscaldo

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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An all‐dielectric metasurface exhibiting a strong toroidal resonance is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated as an angular‐dependent resonant polarization beam‐splitter in the microwave K‐band. The metasurface is fabricated by embedding a square periodic array of high‐permittivity ceramic cuboid resonators in a 3D‐printed substrate of polylactic acid. It is demonstrated that by properly selecting the resonator geometry and by tuning the angle of incidence through mechanical rotation, the metasurface can switch between a polarization beam splitting and bandpass or bandstop operation. Such performance is achieved by exploiting the highly asymmetric Fano spectral profile of the toroidal resonance and the very low (high) dispersion of the associated p‐(s‐) polarized mode resulting from the resonant toroidal dipole mode's field profile, as evidenced by both full‐wave and band structure simulations. Theoretically infinite extinction ratios are achievable for polarization beam splitting operation with very low insertion losses and adjustable bandwidth. The experimental demonstration of such a compact, all‐dielectric metasurface expands the research portfolio of resonant metasurfaces toward not only the investigation of the intriguing physics of toroidal modes but also to the engineering of functional millimeter‐wave components for polarization control, for instance, in the context of 5G wireless communication networks.

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“…However, there is, inevitably, complexity involved in the fabrication of a 3D metamaterial. A toroidal dipole effect in two-dimensional (2D) metamaterials has gained widespread attention because the toroidal dipole manifests as poloidal currents on the surface of split rings, which is distinctly different from the traditional electric and magnetic dipoles [21,22]. Compared with 3D metamaterials, there are some benefits to developing 2D metamaterials because of their simpler fabrication and scalability [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Switching of Toroidal Resonances by Using a Dirac Semimetal for Terahertz Communication

Sun

Liao

et al. 2020

Front. Phys.

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The dynamical switching of a toroidal dipole resonance channel is demonstrated by tuning the Fermi level of a Dirac semimetal film sandwiched between the back substrates. As the Fermi level is increased from 30 to 150 meV, the resonance frequency is switched from 0.283 to 0.201 THz because of the transition from toroidal mode to hybrid mode. The hybrid mode is formed by the interaction between the toroidal mode and the plasmonic mode (induced by a Dirac semimetal film with metallic properties). The influence of the sandwiched dielectric layer (between the toroidal metasurface pattern and the Dirac semimetal film) on the switching effect was also investigated. This active dual-channel terahertz switching may have potential applications in advanced terahertz communication.

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Toroidal metasurfaces in a 2D flatland

Cited by 53 publications

References 91 publications

Subwavelength optical localization with toroidal excitations in plasmonic and Mie metamaterials

Subwavelength optical localization with toroidal excitations in plasmonic and Mie metamaterials

All‐Dielectric Toroidal Metasurfaces for Angular‐Dependent Resonant Polarization Beam Splitting

Active Switching of Toroidal Resonances by Using a Dirac Semimetal for Terahertz Communication

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