Torquetenovirus Titer in Vaginal Secretions from Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Association with Absence of Lactobacillus crispatus and Levels of Lactic Acid and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8

Tozetto‐Mendoza, Tânia Regina; Bongiovanni, Ann Marie; Minis, Evelyn; Linhares, Iara Moreno; Boester, Allison; Freire, Wilton S.; Lima, Silvia Helena; Oliveira, Natan P G de; Mendes‐Correa, Maria Cássia; Forney, Larry J.

doi:10.1007/s43032-020-00227-1

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For TTV detection in saliva, TTV-specific probe and primers were performed as previously described by Maggi et al [ 20 ]. A standard curve with known amounts of a synthetic DNA was performed for TTV absolute quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction as previously described [ 21 ]. The TTV DNA amplification was based on the TaqMan ™ Universal PCR master mix protocol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Warrington, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torquetenovirus in saliva: A potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

et al. 2021

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Torquetenovirus (TTV) is present in biological fluids from healthy individuals and measurement of its titer is used to assess immune status in individuals with chronic infections and after transplants. We assessed if the titer of TTV in saliva varied with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and could be a marker of COVID-19 status. Saliva from 91 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasal-oropharyngeal samples, and from 126 individuals who were SARS-CoV-2-negative, all with mild respiratory symptoms, were analyzed. Both groups were similar in age, gender, symptom duration and time after symptom initiation when saliva was collected. Titers of TTV and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by gene amplification. Loss of smell (p = 0.0001) and fever (p = 0.0186) were more prevalent in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, while sore throat (p = 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.0037) and diarrhea (p = 0.0475) were more frequent in the SARS-CoV-2 negative group. The saliva TTV and nasal-oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 titers were correlated (p = 0.0085). The TTV level decreased as symptoms resolved in the SARS-CoV-2 infected group (p = 0.0285) but remained unchanged in the SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. In SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects who provided 2–4 saliva samples and in which TTV was initially present, the TTV titer always decreased over time as symptoms resolved. We propose that sequential TTV measurement in saliva is potentially useful to assess the likelihood of symptom resolution in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals and to predict prognosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torquetenovirus in saliva: A potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

et al. 2021

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“…Conversely, when Lactobacillus iners or bacteria other than lactobacilli are dominant, D-lactic acid levels are low, and MMP-8 levels are high, which is associated with a more pro-inflammatory vaginal environment and overall shorter cervical lengths (159). A recent cohort study of 121 pregnant subjects investigated TTV presence in vaginal secretions, and how its occurrence and/or titer varies with the dominant bacteria in the vaginal microbiome (65). Vaginal secretions collected from pregnant individuals in their first trimester (≤12 weeks), third trimester (28-38 weeks), and 28-45 days postpartum were analyzed for TTV DNA by quantitative PCR.…”

Section: Anellovirus May Associate With Other Maternal Microbiomes To Precipitate Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Anelloviruses: Prevalence and Clinical Significance During Pregnancy

2021

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Although the bacterial microbiota of various compartments (e.g. vagina, amniotic fluid, and placenta) have been studied in pregnancy, there has been far less emphasis on normal and pathological viral communities. Cumulative evidence shows the presence of a number of apathogenic viruses in various tissues of healthy people, including pregnant individuals. What role, if any, these viruses play in human physiology is unknown. Anelloviruses (family Anelloviridae) are circular, single-stranded DNA viruses commonly detected with high prevalence in vertebrate hosts, including primates. Humans are nearly always colonized with at least 1 of 3 anellovirus subtypes, namely Alphatorquevirus (torque teno virus, TTV), Betatorquevirus (torque teno midi virus, TTMDV), and Gammatorquevirus (torque teno mini virus, TTMV). In healthy pregnant people, the prototype anellovirus, TTV, has been found in maternal and (variably) fetal blood, amniotic fluid, cervical and vaginal secretions, breast milk, and saliva. Nonetheless, the relevance of human anelloviruses in pregnancy and labor is unclear. There is evidence suggesting a link between anellovirus colonization and preterm birth. In this review, we discuss what is known about this family of commensal viruses in health and disease, and specifically the roles they might play during pregnancy and in the timing of delivery.

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“…Studies shown that lactic acid is significantly positively correlated with the number of Lactobacilli in vaginal secretions and low content in the vagina microbiota of BV patients, indicated its effect in inhibiting the growth of anaerobic bacteria ( Tachedjian et al., 2017 ). At the same time, the ratio of the different isomers of lactic acid, D/L-lactic acid, also affects upper reproductive tract infections by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-8 ( Witkin et al., 2013 ; Tozetto-Mendoza et al., 2020 ). Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), another metabolite of Lactobacillus , may also play an important role in maintaining the vaginal anaerobic environment and inhibiting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms ( Al-Mushrif and Jones, 1998 ; Basu Thakur et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Do Not Increase the Cure Rate in a Chinese Cohort: A Prospective, Parallel‐Group, Randomized, Controlled Study

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Lyu

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole and oral probiotics adjunct to metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). One hundred and twenty-six Chinese women with BV were enrolled in this parallel, controlled trial, and were randomly assigned into two study arms: the metronidazole group, which was prescribed metronidazole vaginal suppositories for 7 days, and the adjunctive probiotic group, which received Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 orally for 30 days as an adjunct to metronidazole. Clinical symptoms and Nugent scores at the initial visit, 30 days and 90 days were compared. There was no significant difference of the 30-day total cure rate between the adjunctive probiotic group (57.69%) and the metronidazole group (59.57%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70 to 1.35, p-value = 0.04), or of the 90-day total cure rate (36.54% vs. 48.94%, OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.19; p-value = 0.213). Also, no significant difference of the vaginal and faecal microbial diversity and structure between the two groups at 0, 30 or 90 days were shown based on 16S rRNA sequences. The probiotic species were rarely detected in either the vaginal microbiota or the faecal microbiota after administration which may revealed the cause of noneffective of oral probiotics. No serious adverse effects were reported in the trial. The study indicated that oral probiotic adjunctive treatment did not increase the cure rate of Chinese BV patients compared to metronidazole.

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Torquetenovirus Titer in Vaginal Secretions from Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Association with Absence of Lactobacillus crispatus and Levels of Lactic Acid and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Torquetenovirus in saliva: A potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Torquetenovirus in saliva: A potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Human Anelloviruses: Prevalence and Clinical Significance During Pregnancy

Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri RC-14 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Do Not Increase the Cure Rate in a Chinese Cohort: A Prospective, Parallel‐Group, Randomized, Controlled Study

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