Torrefaction of Agriculture Residue To Enhance Combustible Properties

Pimchuai, Anuphon; Dutta, Animesh; Basu, Prabir

doi:10.1021/ef901168f

Cited by 382 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the past studies, the hydrophobic properties of torrefied product were examined using the immersion test [25,26] or the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) method [27,28]. In the immersion test, raw and torrefied biomass was submerged in water for a fixed duration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Yields and Characteristics of Corncob Waste under Various Torrefaction Atmospheres

Chen

2013

Energies

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Biomass is a promising energy source due to its abundant, carbon-fixing, and carbon-neutral properties. Torrefaction can be employed to improve the properties of biomass in an oxygen-free or nitrogen atmosphere. This study investigates the product yields and the solid product characteristics from corncob waste torrefaction at the temperatures of 250 °C and 300 °C for 1 h. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a gas mixture of air and carbon dioxide are employed as the carrier gases. The solid product characteristics approach those of coal at the higher temperature, regardless of what the carrier gases are. The fixed carbon, higher heating value, and solid and energy yields using carbon dioxide as a carrier gas at 300 °C are close to those using nitrogen. The product safety and storage properties before and after torrefaction are revealed by the measurements of ignition temperature and hygroscopicity. A higher torrefaction temperature leads to a higher ignition temperature of treated biomass, except using the mixture of air and carbon dioxide as the carrier gas. Carbon dioxide is a better carrier gas than nitrogen for biomass torrefaction, from the storage and transportation points of view.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Yields and Characteristics of Corncob Waste under Various Torrefaction Atmospheres

Chen

2013

Energies

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“…Additionally, the decomposition of hydroxyl groups in the cell wall components resulting in a more hydrophobic product [31,32]. While the effect of initial moisture content on the torrefaction process has yet to be studied experimentally, drying has previously been shown to affect pyrolysis times [27].…”

Section: Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling kinetics-transport interactions during biomass torrefaction: The effects of temperature, particle size, and moisture content

Bates

Ghoniem

2014

Fuel

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ABSTRACT:A comprehensive one-dimensional model accounting for the effects of heat and mass transfer, chemical kinetics, and drying was developed to describe the torrefaction of a single woody biomass particle. The thermochemical sub-models depend only on previously determined or measured characteristics, avoiding the use of fitting or tuning parameters and enabling a rigorous energy balance of the process. Moreover, a high temperature drying sub-model is introduced which overcomes the difficulties associated with existing approaches to give physically consistent results, smooth implementation, and numerical stability. The particle model was validated against experimental data from the literature for intraparticle temperature profiles, particle mass and energy yields over a range of particle sizes and reaction temperatures. The modeling results describe well the three distinct stages observed during the torrefaction of large particles including the heatup, drying, heat release due to exothermic reactions resulting in thermal overshoot, followed by thermal equilibrium where conversion is governed by mass loss kinetics. The nonlinear effects of particle size, temperature, moisture content, and residence time on the mass and energy yields are quantified and explained. Larger particles exhibit a significant internal temperature gradient and strong temperature overshoot especially at the centerline. The magnitude of the overshoot is a function of the conductivity, particle size, and average heat release rate. Because of the rise in the reaction rate, higher temperatures increase the sensitivity of the process to particle size. Due to the dependence of drying rate on heat transfer limitations, the sensitivity of torrefaction to initial moisture content increases strongly with particle size. Highlights: 1D coupled model describes the dynamics of drying and torrefaction of a single particle  Model predicts particle temperature overshoot, elemental, and energy balance  Validated against single particle experimental results from literature  Larger particles convert more non-uniformly with higher thermal overshoot.  Higher temperatures and increased moisture content exacerbate particle size effects

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“…This results in the release of oxygen-containing compounds H2O, CO2, and CO via the extensive decomposition of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin (Vander Stelt et al 2011;Park et al 2013). Currently, the study of torrefaction technology mostly focuses on the mechanical properties, composition, structural transformations, bio-oil and bio-gas composition, and selectivity to improve the quality of bio-oil and bio-char (Arias et al 2008;Chen et al 2010;Pimchuai et al 2010;Phanphanich and Mani 2011). Meng et al (2012) studied the torrefaction pretreatment of loblolly pine and determined that torrefaction could be a potential upgrading method to improve the quality of bio-oil, to reduce the ratio of O/C in bio-oil, and to increase the content of pyrolysis lignin, which might be a useful feedstock for phenolic-based chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Torrefaction Temperature on the Structural Properties and Pyrolysis Behavior of Biomass

Zheng¹,

Tao²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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To improve prospects for high-value utilization of biomass, torrefaction pretreatments were conducted at 210, 230, 250, 270, and 300 °C with a reaction time of 30 min. The pyrolysis of torrefied biomass was also performed on a fixed-bed reactor system at 450 °C. The effect of torrefaction temperature on the yield, energy yield, structure, physicalchemical characteristics, and production composition of bio-oil was studied. The torrefaction pretreatment improved the fuel characteristics of pyrolysis products. When the torrefaction temperature was increased, the -OH and C=O contents decreased, the C=C contents increased, the pyrolysis peak temperature decreased, the residual carbon contents noticeably increased, and the Ea value remained in the range of 69 to 129 kJmol -1. The pore volume increased and the crystallinity index decreased due to degradation and recrystallization. The solid yield of pyrolysis biomass decreased sharply in contrast to the liquid yield. When the torrefaction temperature increased, the bio-oil yield decreased from 36.82 wt.% to 20.13 wt.%. The phenol content in the bio-oil markedly increased; however, oxygen-containing compounds such as acids, sugars, and furans, significantly decreased, which indicated that torrefaction pretreatment efficiently improved the quality of the fuel.

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Torrefaction of Agriculture Residue To Enhance Combustible Properties

Cited by 382 publications

References 8 publications

Product Yields and Characteristics of Corncob Waste under Various Torrefaction Atmospheres

Product Yields and Characteristics of Corncob Waste under Various Torrefaction Atmospheres

Modeling kinetics-transport interactions during biomass torrefaction: The effects of temperature, particle size, and moisture content

Effect of the Torrefaction Temperature on the Structural Properties and Pyrolysis Behavior of Biomass

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