Torrefaction of fruit peel waste to produce environmentally friendly biofuel

Lin, Yi-Li; Zheng, Nai-Yun; Hsu, Cheng-Hsun

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124676

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is well known that there is a good agreement between the fixed carbon content of a pellet with respect to temperature and time. When a pellet is exposed to a high temperature (below 300 °C) for a long time, its fixed carbon content increases as well [8]. With the increase in the torrefaction temperature and time, the fixed carbon in HQ pellets increased more than the fixed carbon in LQ, and the difference in color darkness can be observed in visual evaluation.…”

Section: Torrefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Torrefaction process (mild pyrolysis) is defined as the roasting of the biomass product for variable residence times at approximately 200-300 °C in an oxygen-free environment, generally at atmospheric pressure [8]. Torrefaction is an application in which oxygen and other volatile substances are removed from the biomass product, increasing the efficiency of transport and storage together with the bulk density and energy density of the biomass [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Torrefaction Conditions on Physical and Thermal Properties of High- and Low- Quality Palm Pruning Residue Pellets

et al. 2021

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Torrefaction is a promising method to improve the fuel quality of pellets. In this study, palm pruning residues were used as an alternative to forest products. Torrefaction was applied to high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) pellets at 220, 235, and 250 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min in a newly developed lab-scaled torrefaction system. Torrefaction temperature and residence time adversely affected the physical properties of HQ and LQ pellets. Particle density of untreated HQ and LQ pellets were 1172 kg/m 3 and 757 kg/m 3 , respectively, decreased to 1059 kg/m 3 and 668 kg/m 3 at upper conditions (250 °C and 15 min). The durability index at upper conditions decreased from 99.02 to 98.13% and from 89.89 to 74.82% for HQ and LQ pellets, respectively. Heterogeneous and poorly physically structured LQ pellets showed non-homogeneous changes in thermal and physical properties. The HHVs of untreated pellets were increased from 18.4 to 20.3 MJ/kg for HQ pellets and 18.2 to 18.9 MJ/kg for LQ pellets at upper conditions. Pellets with high physical quality were torrefied more efficiently than those with low physical quality. Under the same conditions, LQ pellets were measured to be lighter in color than HQ pellets. Accordingly, it is thought that based on the color darkening caused by torrefaction, predictions can be made about the physical properties of the pellet and the torrefaction efficiency.

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Section: Torrefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Torrefaction Conditions on Physical and Thermal Properties of High- and Low- Quality Palm Pruning Residue Pellets

et al. 2021

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“…Al과 Ca는 미량으로 검출되었으나 시간에 따라 농도가 상승하는 것이 관찰되었다. 바닥재 충진 칼럼 은 실험 초기부터 Ca와 SO 4 가 고농도로 검출되었으며 24시간 동안 각각 30 mg•L -1 , 67 mg (Lee, 2011;Song et al, 2018;Arriola et al, 2020;Lin et al, 2021). 특히 연소 후 목재펠릿의 부산물로 생 성된 바이오차(Biochar, BC)는 안정성이 뛰어나 토양에 투입해도 분해가 거의 일어나지 않으며, 토양흡착능 및 양이온교환능 증가, 토양산성도 저감, 미생물 생체량 증 가, 토양통기성 증가, 토양용적밀도 감소 등의 장점을 가 지고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다 (Sohi et al, 2010;Blackwell et al, 2012;Lehmann and Jseph, 2015).…”

Section: 요 약unclassified

A Study on Infiltration Process and Physicochemical Influence in the Unsaturated and the Saturated Zone of the Bottom Ashes from Thermal Power Plant

Park

Joun

et al. 2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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This study focused on the physicochemical effects of bottom ash dissolved precipitation on the soil and groundwater environment. The iced column and percolation experiments showed that most of the bottom ash particles were drained as the ash-dissolved solution, while the charcoal powder was filtered through the soil. Ion species of Al, As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Si, F, NO 3 , SO 4 were analyzed from the eluates collected during the 24 h column test. In the charcoal powder eluates, a high concentration of K was detected at the beginning of the reaction, but it decreased with time. The concentrations of Al and Ca were observed to increase with time, although they existed in trace amount. In the bottom ash eluates, the concentrations of Ca and SO 4 decreased by 30 mg•L -1 and 67 mg•L -1 , respectively, over 24 h. It is regarded that the infiltration patterns of the bottom ash and biochar in the unsaturated zone were different owing to their particle sizes and solvent properties. It is expected that a significant amount of the bottom ash will mix with the precipitation and percolate below the water table, especially in the case of thin and highly permeable unsaturated zone. The biochar was filtered through the unsaturated zone. The biochar did not dissolve in the groundwater, although it reached the saturation zone. For these reasons, it is considered that the direct contamination by the bottom ash and biochar are unlikely to occur.

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“…They discussed the possibility of a sustainable way of bio-char production and also how this could be a great material for soil amendment, agricultural and to achieve circular bioeconomy. Further, Lin et al [28] have studied the torrefaction of fruit peel waste to yield environmentally friendly biofuel. In their work, it was reported that they used Ananas comosus peel and Annona squamosa peel samples to produce bio-char as a renewable energy source.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Setup: Pyrolysis Of Biomass In a Fixed-bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Char Characterization Produced from Walnut Shell Biomass through Slow Pyrolysis: Sustainable for Soil Amendment and an Alternate Bio-Fuel

et al. 2021

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Bio-char has the ability to isolate carbon in soils and concurrently improve plant growth and soil quality, high energy density and also it can be used as an adsorbent for water treatment. In the current work, the characteristics of four different types of bio-chars, obtained from slow pyrolysis at 375 °C, produced from hard-, medium-, thin- and paper-shelled walnut residues have been studied. Bio-char properties such as proximate, ultimate analysis, heating values, surface area, pH values, thermal degradation behavior, morphological and crystalline nature and functional characterization using FTIR were determined. The pyrolytic behavior of bio-char is studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in an oxidizing atmosphere. SEM analysis confirmed morphological change and showed heterogeneous and rough texture structure. Crystalline nature of the bio-chars is established by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The maximum higher heating values (HHV), high fixed carbon content and surface area obtained for walnut shells (WS) samples are found as ~ 18.4 MJ kg−1, >80% and 58 m2/g, respectively. Improvement in HHV and decrease of O/C and H/C ratios lead the bio-char samples to fall into the category of coal and confirmed their hydrophobic, carbonized and aromatized nature. From the Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), it is observed that there is alteration in functional groups with increase in temperature, and illustrated higher aromaticity. This showed that bio-chars have high potential to be used as solid fuel either for direct combustion or for thermal conversion processes in boilers, kilns and furnace. Further, from surface area and pH analysis of bio-chars, it is found that WS bio-chars have similar characteristics of adsorbents used for water purifications, retention of essential elements in soil and carbon sequestration.

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Torrefaction of fruit peel waste to produce environmentally friendly biofuel

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of Torrefaction Conditions on Physical and Thermal Properties of High- and Low- Quality Palm Pruning Residue Pellets

Effect of Torrefaction Conditions on Physical and Thermal Properties of High- and Low- Quality Palm Pruning Residue Pellets

A Study on Infiltration Process and Physicochemical Influence in the Unsaturated and the Saturated Zone of the Bottom Ashes from Thermal Power Plant

Bio-Char Characterization Produced from Walnut Shell Biomass through Slow Pyrolysis: Sustainable for Soil Amendment and an Alternate Bio-Fuel

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