Torrefaction of oil palm wastes

Uemura, Yoshimitsu; Omar, Wissam N.; Tsutsui, Takeki; Yusup, Suzana

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.021

Cited by 221 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The lignocellulosic biomass, in spite of all its positive attributes, is associated with the different shortcomings like structural heterogeneity, non-uniform physical properties, low energy density, hygroscopic nature, and low bulk density. These limitations create difficulties in transportation, handling, storage, and conversion processes (Arias et al, 2008;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011;Medic et al, 2011;Uemura et al, 2011;Wannapeera et al, 2011). These properties limit the use of biomass to replace fossil fuels for energy production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

174

143

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Biomass is a versatile energy resource that could be used as a sustainable energy resource in solid, liquid and gaseous form of energy sources. Torrefaction is an emerging thermal biomass pretreatment method that has an ability to reduce the major limitations of biomass such as heterogeneity, lower bulk density, lower energy density, hygroscopic behavior, and fibrous nature. Torrefaction, aiming to produce high quality solid biomass products, is carried out at 200-300 °C in an inert environment at an atmospheric pressure. The removal of volatiles through different decomposition reactions is the basic principle behind the torrefaction process. Torrefaction upgrades biomass quality and alters the combustion behavior, which can be efficiently used in the co-firing power plant. This paper presents a comprehensive review on torrefaction of biomass and their characteristics. Despite of the number of advantages, torrefaction is motivated mainly for thermochemical conversion process because of its ability to increase hydrophobicity, grindability and energy density of biomass. In addition to this, torrefied biomass could be used to replace coal in the metallurgical process, and promoted as an alternative of charcoal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

174

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in the carbon content is only an apparent increase due to the decrease in the oxygen content. These results indicate that the torrefaction method most likely increases the energy density of the waste wood by removing oxygen [26][27][28]. The O/C ratio decreased during torrefaction; this corresponds mainly to the loss of moisture and low-energy volatile components, which consequently increases carbon densification.…”

Section: Proximate and Ultimate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Furniture wood waste as a potential renewable energy source

Plis

Kotyczka-Morańska

Kopczyński

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this study, the combustion behavior of raw waste wood from furniture and samples torrefied at temperatures of 473, 513, 553 and 593 K was investigated. TG-DTG analysis showed that the mass loss in the first stage of the process decreased with the temperature of torrefaction, whereas the temperature in the second stage increased. The influence of torrefaction and combustion parameters on greenhouse gas emissions were investigated by the FTIR technique. The characteristic combustion parameters were also determined. The ignition temperatures for the furniture wood waste and samples torrefied at 473, 513 and 553 K from 549 to 559 K, whereas that of the sample torrefied at 593 K was significantly higher (600 K). All samples were completely burnt at 813-843 K, after 29-35 min, depending on the torrefaction temperature. Kinetic parameters are determined using a two-step firstorder reaction. The activation energy value for the first stage increased with the increasing temperature of torrefaction, from 68 to 125 kJ mol -1 , whereas the temperature in the second stage decreased from 108 to 47 kJ mol -1 . A similar correlation was observed for the pre-exponential value A. In the case of the torrefied furniture wood waste at 593 K, the combustion process runs as a single first-order reaction. The calculated data were fitted to the experimental data very accurately (R 2 [ 0.9992 and standard deviation \6.7 %), and the kinetic model was correctly founded. The linear relationship between logA and E a provides a way to predict the kinetic parameters of the combustion process. Keywords

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“…However, the lower heating value (LHV) was calculated using HHV and hydrogen content measured as shown in Equation (1) (Adisak, 2006). LHV is more important than HHV, attributable to the fact that LHV does not have any input from the latent heat of the vapour (Uemura et al, 2011). The results of the analyses were presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Physio-chemical Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palm trunks and palm fronds are generated at oil palm plantations (Uemura et al, 2011). These oil palm residues contain various chemical compositions and have a high heating value of about 18-19 MJ kg -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%