Torsion of spermatic cord in children: A review

Local Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protects Testicular Torsion-induced Germ Cell Injury

“…Infertility is a common sequela of torsion-induced ischemia injury followed by testicular necrosis, and impaired spermatogenesis occurs in most of the patients with testicular torsion. Sperm counts less than 20 million/ml can be found in 36% of patients after testicular torsion [6]. In addition to the involved testis, recent studies suggest that damage to the contralateral intact testis is observed, which is caused by antisperm antibody production, altered micro-circulation, and germinal epithelial apoptosis [6].…”

“…Sperm counts less than 20 million/ml can be found in 36% of patients after testicular torsion [6]. In addition to the involved testis, recent studies suggest that damage to the contralateral intact testis is observed, which is caused by antisperm antibody production, altered micro-circulation, and germinal epithelial apoptosis [6]. To date, there is no established standard treatment for testicular torsion-induced infertility.…”

Evaluation of acute scrotum in our consecutive operated cases: a one-center study

“…A torsion of the testis with rotation of the spermatic cord is a surgical emergency and needs emergency diagnosis and treatment 2. Its incidence is one in every 4,000 males younger than 25 years 3. The clinical signs of TT, epididymo-orchitis (EO), and torsion of the appendix testis (AT) are similar, and in the majority of cases, exact preoperative clinical diagnoses are very difficult.…”

A Survey of Manual Detorsion of The Testicle

“…I next rotated it to the patient's right, so that it resumed its normal position behind the body of the testis. A series of three cases were then presented in 1898 [14].Since then it has become apparent that most testes rotate medial and untwisted laterally, but not all [5][6][7], with resolving the twist being by external rotation in the majority [14][15].…”