“…To quantitively describe the dynamic liquid retention and solute transports in agglomerated heaps, a novel real-time, in-situ liquid retention characterizing system (RILRCS) is well developed (Figure 1). Taking the functionality as evaluation factors, the structure of RILRCS is divided into (Figure 1a): liquid irrigating (9,10,11,13,14,15,16,17,18), tension measuring (5,6), data visualizing (8), and supporting (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12) systems.…”