Total and Cancer Mortality After Supplementation With Vitamins and Minerals: Follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial

Qiao, You‐Lin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Kamangar, Farin; Fan, Jin‐Hu; Abnet, Christian C.; Sun, Xing‐Guo; Johnson, Laura Lee; Gail, Mitchell H.; Dong, Zhiwei; Yu, Binbing; Mark, Steven D.; Taylor, Philip R.

doi:10.1093/jnci/djp037

Cited by 298 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Vitamin A and zinc supplementations were associated with a higher total and cerebrovascular mortality. These findings which were similar to the findings of 5 year follow-up, are also important in showing the durability of the beneficial effects of some antioxidants after a long time [221].…”

Section: Cancersupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports

Miotto¹,

Striebel²,

Cho

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

121

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Abstract:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely believed to cause or aggravate several human pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, stroke and many other ailments. Antioxidants are assumed to counteract the harmful effects of ROS and therefore prevent or treat oxidative stress-related diseases. In this report, recent human studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of various diseases are reviewed. Few antioxidants including edaravone (for ischemic stroke in Japan), Nacetylcysteine (for acetaminophen toxicity), alfa-lipoic acid (for diabetic neuropathy) and some flavonoids (polyphenolic compounds present in dietary plants), such as micronized purified flavonoid fraction (diosmin and hesperidin) and oxerutins (for chronic venous insufficiency) as well as baicalein and catechins (for osteoarthritis) have found accepted clinical use. However, despite much enthusiasm in the 1980s and 1990s, many well-known agents such as antioxidant vitamins and also more recently developed compounds such as nitrones have not successfully passed the scrutiny of clinical trials for prevention and treatment of various diseases. This has given rise to a pessimistic view of antioxidant therapy, however, the evidence from human epidemiological studies about the beneficial effects of dietary antioxidants and preclinical in vitro and animal data are compelling. We have probably wasted too much time on agents like antioxidant vitamins instead of focusing on more disease specific, target-directed, highly bioavailable antioxidants. We here discuss possible reasons for the lack of success in some clinical trials and seek to provide some suggestions to be considered if antioxidant therapy is to succeed as an effective therapeutic strategy.

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Section: Cancersupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports

Miotto¹,

Striebel²,

Cho

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

121

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show abstract

“…Although selenium did not protect participants from the development of additional skin cancers, selenium supplementation was associated with a nearly 40% reduction in total cancer incidence, particularly in prostate cancer. The Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial found that a combination of selenium, vitamin E, and b-carotene reduced overall mortality as well as cancer rates (Blot et al 1993;Qiao et al 2009).…”

Section: Clinical Trials Of Antioxidants In Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer, Oxidative Stress, and Metastasis

Gill

Piskounova

Morrison

2016

Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol

231

164

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that arise from a number of cellular sources, including oxidative metabolism in mitochondria. At low levels they can be advantageous to cells, activating signaling pathways that promote proliferation or survival. At higher levels, ROS can damage or kill cells by oxidizing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It was hypothesized that antioxidants might benefit high-risk patients by reducing the rate of ROS-induced mutations and delaying cancer initiation. However, dietary supplementation with antioxidants has generally proven ineffective or detrimental in clinical trials. High ROS levels limit cancer cell survival during certain windows of cancer initiation and progression. During these periods, dietary supplementation with antioxidants may promote cancer cell survival and cancer progression. This raises the possibility that rather than treating cancer patients with antioxidants, they should be treated with pro-oxidants that exacerbate oxidative stress or block metabolic adaptations that confer oxidative stress resistance.

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“…It is important to emphasize adequate nutrition, as calorie restriction associated with malnutrition can potentially increase cancer incidence [301][302][303]. Consequently, consumption of foods containing the active groups of respiratory enzymes (iron salts, riboflavin, nicotinamide, and pantothenic acid) could be effective in maintaining health when combined with dietary energy restriction [25].…”

Section: Implications Of the Hypothesis To Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer as a Metabolic Disease

Seyfried¹

2012

194

291

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Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.

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Total and Cancer Mortality After Supplementation With Vitamins and Minerals: Follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial

Abstract: The beneficial effects of selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene on mortality were still evident up to 10 years after the cessation of supplementation and were consistently greater in younger participants. Late effects of other supplementation regimens were also observed.

Cited by 298 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports

Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports

Cancer, Oxidative Stress, and Metastasis

Cancer as a Metabolic Disease

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