Total and free available fluoride in toothpastes in Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, the Netherlands and Suriname

Benzian, Habib; Holmgren, Christopher J.; Buijs, M.J.; Loveren, C. van; Weijden, F. van der; Helderman, Wim van Palenstein

doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2012.00116.x

Cited by 55 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Digestion in strong acid makes the method suitable for many materials such as toothpastes, dental plaque, saliva, cow and human milk, foods in general, surface water, glass ionomers, fingernails, salts etc. [Damen et al, 1996;Heijnsbroek et al, 2006;van Loveren et al, 2005;Benzian et al, 2012]. This method allows for the determination of total fluoride present in the sample.…”

Section: State Of the Science/evidence For Fluoride Analysis By Gas Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, it can be assumed that most toothpastes in developed countries present adequate concentrations of potentially (bio) available fluoride to control caries. However, there have been reports of commercially available toothpastes containing less total fluoride than declared and/or low potentially available fluoride [Cury et al, 2004;van Loveren et al, 2005;Kikwilu et al, 2008;Cury et al, 2010;Benzian et al, 2012;Carrera et al, 2012;Giacaman et al, 2013;Marin et al, 2015], with some of these observations made in countries with a high incidence of caries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes

et al. 2018

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Toothpastes are the most universally accepted form of fluoride delivery for caries prevention. To provide anti-caries benefits, they must be able to release fluoride during the time of tooth brushing or post brushing into the oral cavity. However, there is no standard accepted procedure to measure how much fluoride in a toothpaste may be (bio) available for release. The European Organization for Caries Research proposed and supported a workshop with experts in fluoride analysis in toothpastes and representatives from industry. The objective of the workshop was to discuss issues surrounding fluoride analysis in toothpaste and reach consensus on terminology and best practices, wherever the available evidence allowed it. Participants received a background paper and heard presentations followed by structured discussion to define the problem. The group also reviewed evidence on the validity, reliability and feasibility of each technique (namely chromatography and fluoride electroanalysis) and discussed their strengths and limitations. Participants were able to reach a consensus on terminology and were also able to identify and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. However, they agreed that most currently available methods were developed for regulatory agencies several decades ago, utilizing the best available data from clinical trials then, but require to be updated. They also agreed that although significant advances to our understanding of the mechanism of action of fluoride in toothpaste have been achieved over the past 4 decades, this clearly is an extraordinarily complex subject and more work remains to be done.

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Section: State Of the Science/evidence For Fluoride Analysis By Gas Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes

et al. 2018

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“…SMFP is known to be compatible with a wider range of abrasives than NaF because NaF is incompatible with abrasives that contain calcium; particularly calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and dicalcium phosphate de- hydrate (DCPD). Its fluoride can easily dissociate due to ionic bonding, strongly react with these abrasives, and form insoluble salts [23][24][25] . Meanwhile, the other commonly used fluoride agent SMFP has great compatibility with calcium containing abrasives due to the fluorophosphate (PO 3 F 2 -) component in SMFP 23) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its fluoride can easily dissociate due to ionic bonding, strongly react with these abrasives, and form insoluble salts [23][24][25] . Meanwhile, the other commonly used fluoride agent SMFP has great compatibility with calcium containing abrasives due to the fluorophosphate (PO 3 F 2 -) component in SMFP 23) . The firm bond between the fluoride ion and phosphate in the PO 3 F 2 -inhibits the PO 3 F 2 -from binding to calcium 23) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the other commonly used fluoride agent SMFP has great compatibility with calcium containing abrasives due to the fluorophosphate (PO 3 F 2 -) component in SMFP 23) . The firm bond between the fluoride ion and phosphate in the PO 3 F 2 -inhibits the PO 3 F 2 -from binding to calcium 23) . In this study, The toothpaste 4 and the toothpaste 5 had NaF as their fluoride agents and silica as their abrasives, and the toothpaste 6 contained KF, which is another ionic compound like NaF, and calcium glycerophosphate as abrasive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of fluoride bioavailability in toothpastes

Ko¹,

Kang²,

Kwon³

et al. 2015

J Korean Acad Oral Health

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the total fluoride concentration and bioavailable fluoride concentration in different toothpastes, based on a newly suggested method by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and to compare the measured concentrations with the concentrations written on the packaging. Methods: The concentrations of total fluoride (TF) and bioavailable fluoride (BF) were measured in six toothpastes. For the TF measurement, 1 g of each toothpaste was mixed with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), and hydrogen chloride (HCl) was placed. After 24 hours, the samples were centrifuged and total ionic strength adjustment buffer (TISAB) solution was added. For the BF measurement, the toothpaste was mixed with K 2 HPO 4 for only 1 minute. The samples were centrifuged, and then HCl was placed and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The TISAB solution was added subsequently. The concentration of fluoride ions was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and calculated against a standard curve. Results: The six toothpastes were composed of different fluoride compounds and abrasives. The measured TF concentration ranged from 624.99 ppm to 1,353.00 ppm, and the similarity to the declared fluoride concentration ranged from 53.48% to 93.31%. The measured BF concentration ranged from 587.61 ppm to 1,360.05 ppm, and the similarity to the expected fluoride concentration ranged from 41.97% to 93.80%. Two samples were clearly separated when the samples were centrifuged, whereas the remaining four samples had unclear supernatants. The clearly separated toothpastes (i.e., toothpastes 5 and 6) had BF concentrations that were similar to or lower than the declared fluoride concentrations and the measured TF concentrations. However, the unclearly separated toothpastes showed inconsistent relationships between the measured TF and BF concentrations. Conclusions: The measured TF and BF concentrations of the six toothpastes did not reach the expected fluoride concentration. This finding resulted from the different compositions and forms of the toothpastes. Therefore, the properties of toothpastes need to be considered when measuring their fluoride concentrations.

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Evaluation of fluoride concentration in toothpastes with antimicrobial molecules commercialized in Brazil

Medeiros¹,

Valadas

Lotif

et al. 2020

Res. Biomed. Eng.

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Purpose This study aimed to analyze the fluoride concentrations in different dentifrices with antimicrobial and natural molecules marketed in Brazil. Thus, 12 dentifrices were selected to be analyzed for the concentration of total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionizable fluoride (IF). Methods Two tubes of each brand were purchased at different locations. The samples were analyzed in duplicates using an ionspecific electrode and the concentrations were determined in μg F/g. Results The TF of all calcium carbonate dentifrices showed averages below 1500 ppm F. Regarding TSF, only one toothpaste had an average above 1000 ppm F − , while the IF values were almost 500 ppm F. In the analysis of fluoride in dentifrices which present silica as abrasive, the TF presented averages below 1500 ppm F, while the TSF all presented averages close to 1000 ppm F − , and the IF values varied from close to 500 ppm to more than 1000 ppm F. In dentifrices whose formulation contained calcium carbonate associated with silica or other formulations such as sodium bicarbonate, the TF, TSF, and IF values were all above 1000 ppm F. Conclusion The evaluated dentifrices generally showed TF concentrations lower than those declared on the packaging; however, the TSF content remained close to 1000 ppm F. It can be concluded that the analyzed dentifrices with antimicrobial molecules showed values close to those suggested regarding anti-caries effect.

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Total and free available fluoride in toothpastes in Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, the Netherlands and Suriname

Abstract: Renewed international focus should be directed towards closing gaps in guidelines and standards. Consumers should use only non-expired toothpaste, which should preferably be silica-based fluoride toothpaste that does not include abrasives containing calcium and that is properly labelled.

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes

European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes

Evaluation of fluoride bioavailability in toothpastes

Evaluation of fluoride concentration in toothpastes with antimicrobial molecules commercialized in Brazil

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