Total ankle replacement

Failure modes for total ankle arthroplasty: a statistical analysis of the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register

“…Malpositioning of either tibial or talar components in multiple planes is problematic for the recipient [5]. In the study by Henricson [15], three revisions took place due to painful varus rotation of the foot due to misalignment of the implant.…”

“…Until the 1970s, the primary method to alleviate the pain of these ailments was arthrodesis, otherwise known as ankle fusion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This process often has low fusion rates, and leaves the patient the inability to achieve normal range of motion of the joint [8].…”

“…Due to the successes of total hip (THA) and knee replacement (TKA), physicians began to think of ways to develop and implant ankle prosthesis, which if successful would provide the benefit of an enhanced range of motion of the recipient. First generation ankle prosthetics such as the Buechel-Pappas (BP) TAR and the Scandinavian TAR (STAR) provided good short-term results, but their longterm outcomes were not as promising [5,7,[9][10][11]. However, the current generation of TARs, such as the Agility TAR manufactured by DuPuy, has shown better long-term results [3,9,12].…”

(iv) Hindfoot arthritis

“…Charcot), avascular necrosis of the talus and severe ankle joint laxity. 35 A previous ankle arthrodesis can be converted to TAR but this is a challenging procedure and requires preservation of both malleoli. 22 Subtalar deformity must also be assessed pre-operatively.…”

Thrombembolic complications after total ankle replacement

“…In total, 9 main complications were identified but thromboembolic complications were not among them. Thromboembolic complications are often mentioned as a possibility postoperatively [16][17][18][19][20][21], however, the exact incidence of postoperative thromboembolism is unknown. Furthermore, the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients who undergo TAR remains controversial [20,[22][23][24][25].…”