Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea

Hwang, Young-Ok; Park, S G; Park, G Y; Choi, Sung Mook; Kim, M Y

doi:10.1080/19440040903532079

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In general, brown algae have higher arsenic levels than red or green algae (Almela and others ). Other studies found no harmful quantities of heavy metals (Hwang and others ; Smith and others ; Dhaneesh and others ). Little is known about the process of metal bioaccumulation in marine food chains because data on metal concentrations at different trophic levels and their temporal or spatial variation are sparse (Van Netten and others ; Riosmena‐Rodriguez and others ; Akköz and others ).…”

Section: Novel Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production

Spiegel

Noordam

Fels‐Klerx

2013

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

434

179

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Novel protein sources (like insects, algae, duckweed, and rapeseed) are expected to enter the European feed and food market as replacers for animal-derived proteins. However, food safety aspects of these novel protein sources are not well-known. The aim of this article is to review the state of the art on the safety of major novel protein sources for feed and food production, in particular insects, algae (microalgae and seaweed), duckweed, and rapeseed. Potential hazards for these protein sources are described and EU legislative requirements as regard to food and feed safety are explained. Potential hazards may include a range of contaminants, like heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, as well as pathogens. Some safety aspects of novel protein sources are intrinsic to the product, but many potential hazards can also be due to production methods and processing conditions. These aspects should be considered in advance during product development. European law is unclear on several issues regarding the use of novel protein sources in food and feed products. For food product applications, the most important question for food producers is whether or not the product is considered a novel food. One of the major unclarities for feed applications is whether or not products with insects are considered animal-derived products or not. Due to the unclarities in European law, it is not always clear which Regulation and maximum levels for contaminants apply. For market introduction, European legislation should be adjusted and clarified.

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Section: Novel Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production

Spiegel

Noordam

Fels‐Klerx

2013

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

434

179

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show abstract

“…However, in terms of the high exposure level (P97.5), they may be the potential adverse effect on human health. Several studies also claimed that total elemental intake does not appear to pose any threat to the consumers in Italy, South Korea and Spain 13,14,22 , though different safety reference values, such recommended reference dose (RfD) from US EPA and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) from the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee were used for assessment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For calculating exposure dose, we adopted 5.2 g/capita/day as the consumption of seaweeds in China, which is higher than in Japan for 4 g/adult/day 23 and lower than in South Korea for 8.5 g/adult/day 22 . In addition, it should be noted that the risk assessment on arsenic was not performed because the arsenic species were not analyzed here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of metals and metalloids in dried seaweeds and health risk to population in southeastern China

Chen

Pan

Huang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

100

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Concern about metals and metalloids, especially heavy metals in seaweeds has risen due to potential health risk. This study investigated the distribution of 10 metals and metalloids in 295 dried seaweeds (brown and red) and estimated the possible health risk via hazard index (HI). Elements in seaweeds can be sequenced in descending order by mean values: Al > Mn > As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd > Se > Pb > Hg. The levels of Cd, Cu, Mn and Ni in red seaweeds were significantly higher than those in brown seaweeds (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed contents of Ni-Cr (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) in seaweeds had moderate positive correlations. Seaweeds from different geographical origins had diverse element distribution. Risk assessment showed that HI at mean level was less than the threshold of 1. It indicates that for the general people there is low health risk to these elements by the intake of seaweeds. Furthermore, in terms of the confirmative toxicity of some metals, such as Cd, Pb and Hg, surveillance of metals in seaweeds should be performed continuously.

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“…Dietary exposure to a given chemical from an individual food can be determined by multiplying the concentration of the chemical in the food by intake rate. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of As can be calculated using the information provided by Lee et al (2006) and Hwang et al (2010). For example, the weekly intake of As from bryozoans per unit body weight = {∑[As concentration in each sample × mean seaweed intake (g person -1 day -1 )] × 7 days}÷reference body weight = [∑(49 mg kg -1 dry weight × 8.5 g person -1 day -1 ) × 7 days]÷(63.3 kg body weight) = 46 μg kg -1 body weight.…”

Section: Host-pathogen Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does bryozoan colonization alter the biochemical composition of Saccharina japonica affecting food safety and quality?

Getachew¹,

Kang²,

Choi³

et al. 2015

Botanica Marina

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The encrusting bryozoan Membranipora membranacea frequently colonizes late-harvested blades of the cultured Saccharina japonica. We measured the proximate compositions, amino acid and fatty acid profiles and metal contents of bryozoans, colonized blades and healthy blades. Bryozoans contained high levels of crude ash (657 g kg -1 dry weight) and arsenic (As; 49 mg kg -1 dry weight) contents, exceeding the recommended range for human food, and had relatively low levels of essential amino acids. The content of inorganic As in bryozoans was 31% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake for inorganic As established by the World Health Organization. Hence, bryozoans decrease the food and fodder quality of the seaweed product. After removing the bryozoans, we found that the seaweed blade tissues beneath the colonies had elevated levels of potassium, iodine and docosahexaenoic acid and reduced levels of copper, chromium and cadmium compared to healthy tissues. Thus, lacy crust bryozoans must be removed from the surface of seaweed prior to its use as food or fodder.

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Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production

Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production

Distribution of metals and metalloids in dried seaweeds and health risk to population in southeastern China

Does bryozoan colonization alter the biochemical composition of Saccharina japonica affecting food safety and quality?

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