Total body water and lean body mass estimated by ethanol dilution

Loeppky, Jack A.; Myhre, L. G.; Venters, M. D.; Luft, Ulrich C.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1977.42.6.803

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The mean TBW value of 57.9% of the BW obtained in this study exceeds the normal mean value of 52.6% for young students who were examined by means of the ED technique [9], Other values yielded by simultaneous appli cations of two of the 'classic' indicator dilution methods (DeO and antipyrine: 55.7 vs. 54.5% TBW [23], HTO and ethanol: 61.3 vs. 59.9% TBW [17], N-acetyl-amino-antipyrine and ethanol: 54.9 vs. 52.6% TBW [12]) are different depending on the investigated collectives, but mainly depending on the techniques applied. However, out of these measurements it cannot be decided whether this average TBW of 57.9% in the investigated dialyzed patients represents a 'normal' value for dialyzed patients in general.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The 'classic' indicator dilution techniques were not applied simultaneously with the ED technique because comparative measurements with our technique and the 'classic' ones were done before [12,17], From the ethical point of view it was not justified to use possibly toxic and unreliable methods in the patients with diseased excretory renal functions just in order to check the validity of this new quasi nontoxic method, the validity of which has been proven previously [12,13,17], Still greater volumes of TBW were published for heniodialyzed patients by measuring the creatinine (60% of BW) [21] and the tritium spaces (64 and 62% of BW) before and after bilateral nephrectomy, respectively [2]. These results suggest either poor water elimination by hemodialysis or methods too inaccurate for TBW esti mations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Total Body Water in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using an Ethanol Dilution Technique

Walle¹,

Grüner²,

Niedermayer³

1980

Nephron

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The applicability of the ethanol dilution (ED) technique for total body water (TBW) determination in uremic patients was studied. 73 TBW measurements were performed on 28 patients. As the basic parameters underlying the ED technique showed nearly normal values (Widmark factor r = 0.722 ± 0.0786, normal =0.710 ± 0.090 g/kg; β₆₀ =0.121 ± 0.037, normal = 0.140 ± 0.018 g/kg × 60 min; ‘rectilinear’ course ofthe blood ethanol elimination curve), the ED technique for TBW measurements is well applicable to uremic patients. Subclinical hyperhydration was diagnosed (TBW = 57.88 ± 8.08% of body weight, normal = 52.6 ± 5.4%) in 61% ofthe cases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Total Body Water in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using an Ethanol Dilution Technique

Walle¹,

Grüner²,

Niedermayer³

1980

Nephron

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“…This is supported by a persistent arterio-venous difference after both intravenous (Jones et al, 1997) and oral administration of ethanol (Martin et al, 1984;Sedman et al, 1976). All previous investigators of ethanol dilution for estimation of TBW used a 1C model with zero-order elimination (Dahl et al, 1999;Endres and Grüner, 1994;Grüner, 1957;Loeppky et al, 1977;Walle et al, 1980). Figure 5 shows the agreement between observed and predicted data for one of the subjects in our study.…”

Section: The 2c and 1c Models For Ethanol Pharmacokineticssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…One difficulty in calculating TBW by ethanol dilution is the relatively rapid metabolism of the marker; careful pharmacokinetic modeling is necessary. The traditional approach based on the one-compartment (1C) model with zero-order elimination has been used to compare TBW determined by ethanol dilution with D 2 O (Endres and Grüner, 1994) and tritiated water in both humans (Loeppky et al, 1977) and dogs (Tzamaloukas et al, 1985). However, the calculations of TBW were based on erroneous assumptions, because ethanol metabolism follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Holford, 1987;Lundquist and Wolthers, 1958;Rangno et al, 1981), and the concentration-time profiles exhibit a pronounced distribution phase after intravenous infusion, as in multicompartment models (Dundee et al, 1971;Kalant, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Ethanol and Deuterium Oxide Distribute Into the Same Water Space in Healthy Volunteers?

Norberg

Sandhagen²,

Bratteby³

et al. 2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: The volume of distribution at steady state for ethanol (V ss ) is thought to be identical to the total body water (TBW). We compared a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with parallel Michaelis-Menten and first-order renal elimination with the classical one-compartment zero-order elimination model. Ethanol concentration-time profiles were established for breath, venous blood, and urine. The values of V ss obtained for ethanol were compared with TBW determined by deuterium oxide dilution.Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers each received a 30-min intravenous infusion of ethanol on two occasions. Ethanol was measured in breath by a quantitative infrared analyzer and in blood and urine by headspace gas chromatography. Deuterium oxide was given as an intravenous injection and measured in serum by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Components of variation were calculated by ANOVA to determine the precision of the estimates of V ss and TBW.Results: Mean TBW, determined by deuterium oxide dilution, was 44.1 Ϯ 3.9 liters (ϮSD) for men, corresponding to 0.61 liters/kg, and 37.4 Ϯ 3.2 liters for women, or 0.54 liters/kg. Estimates of V ss from blood-ethanol pharmacokinetics were 87.6% of TBW according to isotope dilution and 84.4% for breath analysis with the two-compartment model. This compares with 95.1% and 95.4% for blood and breath alcohol, respectively, when the classical zero-order kinetic analysis is used. The precision of the estimates of V ss and TBW was between Ϯ1.56 and Ϯ2.19 liters (95% confidence interval).Conclusions: Ethanol does not distribute uniformly into the TBW. The precision of measuring V ss by ethanol dilution was comparable to estimates of TBW by isotope dilution. Results of noninvasive breath ethanol analysis compared well with use of venous blood for estimating V ss . The sophisticated twocompartment model was much superior to the classical one-compartment model in explaining the total concentration-time course of intravenously given ethanol.

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“…In addition, water content in brain is similar to that in blood (approximately 79 -81%). It is believed that EtOH is mainly distributed to tissues with higher water content (Loeppky et al, 1977;Goldstein, 1983;Faulkner et al, 1990). Thus, ethanol concentrations in brain and blood are expected to be similar when tissue equilibrium is reached.…”

Section: Ethanol Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method to Assess Initial Sensitivity and Acute Functional Tolerance to Hypnotic Effects of Ethanol

Ponomarev¹,

Crabbe²

2002

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Loss of righting reflex (LRR) has traditionally been used to estimate hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol in rodents. Traditional methods of monitoring ethanol-induced sedation seems to lack accuracy in estimating blood ethanol concentration (BEC) at initial LRR, a measure of initial sensitivity. Herein, we present a novel method that improves detection of the onset of LRR by using a new apparatus and a loss-of-function criterion of 5 s. DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice were placed in cylindrical restrainers after injection of 3 g/kg (20% v/v) ethanol. Restrainers were then turned until mice were no longer able to right themselves within 5 s from a position on their back, which represented the endpoint of the initial loss of righting reflex. Initial sensitivity and acute functional tolerance (AFT) to ethanol were assessed in the same group of mice by quantifying BEC at the initial loss and subsequent recoveries of righting reflex over four sequential injections [3 g/kg ϩ (3 ϫ 0.5 g/kg)]. Initial brain sensitivity was calculated from BEC at the first LRR, using the parameters of ethanol uptake kinetics. These values of initial sensitivity were similar for the two strains. On the other hand, DBA/2J mice recovered at higher BEC than C57BL/6J animals. AFT calculated as a difference between the maximum BEC at any recovery and the value of initial sensitivity was greater in DBA/2J mice. These results show that the novel method is a sensitive tool for the measurement of initial sensitivity and detection of AFT to the hypnotic effects of ethanol.

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Total body water and lean body mass estimated by ethanol dilution

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement of Total Body Water in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using an Ethanol Dilution Technique

Measurement of Total Body Water in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using an Ethanol Dilution Technique

Do Ethanol and Deuterium Oxide Distribute Into the Same Water Space in Healthy Volunteers?

A Novel Method to Assess Initial Sensitivity and Acute Functional Tolerance to Hypnotic Effects of Ethanol

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