Total Energy Expenditure and Functional Status in Older Adults: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

Pontes, Tatiane Lopes de; Pessanha, Fernanda Pinheiro Amador dos Santos; Freire, Renato Campos; Pfrimer, Karina; Alves, Natália Maíra da Cruz; Fassini, Priscila Giácomo; Almeida, Olga Laura Sena; Moriguti, Júlio C.; Lima, Nereida Kilza da Costa; Santos, Jair Lício Ferreira; Ferriolli, Eduardo

doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1482-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Additionally, hand grip strength which is a common measure of functional status was positively correlated with TEE (right-hand grip strength; r = 0.614, p = 0.004). This relationship has also been observed in a group of older adults by Lopes De Pontes et al [34], who not only found a positive association between TEE measured by DLW and greater hand grip strength but also other functional measures such as greater gait speed and the 6 min walk test. This demonstrates that functional measures may be important variables to consider in the estimation of TEE in the older adult population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Ambulatory Older Adults Aged ≥80 Years: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

2023

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Introduction: The life expectancy of older adults continue to increase, however knowledge regarding their total energy requirements are lacking. This study aims to compare the total energy expenditure (TEE) of older adults ≥ 80 years measured using doubly labelled water (DLW), with estimated TEE. The hypothesis was that the Mifflin, Ikeda and Livingston equations will more closely estimate energy requirements than the commonly used Schofield equation. Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and TEE were measured using the reference methods of indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water (DLW) respectively. Bland Altman plots compared measured RMR and TEE with predicted RMR using equations (Mifflin, Ikeda, Livingston, Schofield) and predicted TEE (predicted RMR x physical activity level). Results: Twenty-one older adults (age range 80.7-90.1 years, BMI 26.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2) were included. The Schofield equation demonstrated the greatest bias from measured RMR, overestimating approximately up to double the mean difference (865±662 kJ/d) compared with the three other equations. The Schofield equation exhibited the greatest bias (over-estimation of 641 ±1066 kJ/d) compared with measured TEE. The other three equations under-estimated TEE, with the least bias from Ikeda (37±1103 kJ/d), followed by Livingston (251±1108kJ/d) and Mifflin (354±1140kJ/d). Data are mean ± SD. Conclusions: In older adults ≥ 80 years, the Ikeda, Mifflin and Livingston equations provide closer estimates of TEE than the widely used Schofield equation. The development of nutrition guidelines therefore should consider the utilization of equations which more accurately reflect age specific requirements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Ambulatory Older Adults Aged ≥80 Years: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

2023

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“…Decline in basal metabolism with age is caused by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and muscle function. 8 Age-related decline in basal metabolism does not depend on the presence or absence of diabetes. 9 The following mechanisms have been found to cause the agerelated decline in muscle mass and muscle function.…”

Section: Changes In Muscle Metabolism With Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle as a treatment target for older adults with diabetes mellitus: The importance of a multimodal intervention based on functional category

Omura

Araki

2022

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Although the lifespan of people with diabetes has increased in many countries, the age-related increase in comorbidities (sarcopenia, frailty and disabilities) and diabetic complications has become a major issue. Diabetes accelerates the aging of skeletal muscles and blood vessels through mechanisms, such as increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic polymorphism (fat mass and obesity-associated genes) and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products. Diabetes is associated with early onset, and progression of muscle weakness and sarcopenia, thus resulting in diminished daily life function. The type and duration of diabetes, insulin section/resistance, hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, malnutrition and low physical activity might affect muscular loss and weakness. To prevent the decline in daily activities in older adults with diabetes, resistance training or multicomponent exercise should be recommended. To maintain muscle function, optimal energy and sufficient protein intake are necessary. Although no specific drug enhances muscle mass and function, antidiabetic drugs that increase insulin sensitivity or secretion could be candidates for improvement of sarcopenia. The goals of glycemic control for older patients are determined based on three functional categories through an assessment of cognitive function and activities of daily living, and the presence or absence of medications that pose a hypoglycemic risk. As these functional categories are associated with muscle weakness, frailty and mortality risk, providing multimodal interventions (exercise, nutrition, social network or support and optimal medical treatment) is important, starting at the category II stage for maintenance or improvement in daily life functions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 110-120.

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“…Sci. 2024, 14, 5158 2 of 11 of 65, energy expenditure related to physical activity decreases [9,10], leading to poorer grip strength [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to energy expenditure is the resting metabolic rate, which can be used as an early identifier of functional health in the pre-frail and frail elderly population, where a higher resting metabolic rate is associated with a lower risk of health deterioration [12]. More active older adults tend to show better health indicators [9] and a higher prevention of potential issues related to low energy expenditure [11]. Some of these issues include metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments

Obeso-Benítez,

Martínez-Piédrola,

Serrada-Tejeda

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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(1) Prolonged life expectancy often leads to declining health, reduced physical activity, and dependence, especially in institutionalized elderly. Frailty, obesity, limited functionality, and cognitive impairment are common. Physical activity programs for this demographic can increase weekly energy expenditure and improve frailty. Understanding differences in walking indoors versus outdoors is crucial for tailored programs. This study aimed to compare time, energy expenditure, and perceived exertion in institutionalized elderly walking indoors versus outdoors. It also explored how body mass index and cognitive levels affected these factors. (2) Employing a cross-sectional descriptive observational approach, the study gathered data on height, weight, accelerometers, the modified Borg Scale, the Timed Up and Go test, and the Lobo Cognitive Mini-Exam from a sample of 30 institutionalized older adults. (3) Walking outdoors leads to shorter walking times, higher energy expenditure, and increased perceived effort. Overweight individuals expend more energy in both settings, while cognitive impairment does not significantly impact walking preferences. (4) The study concludes that indoor walking is preferable for frail elderly due to lower perceived exertion, but outdoor walking is recommended for overweight individuals. Cognitive status does not influence the choice of walking environment.

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Total Energy Expenditure and Functional Status in Older Adults: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Ambulatory Older Adults Aged ≥80 Years: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Ambulatory Older Adults Aged ≥80 Years: A Doubly Labelled Water Study

Skeletal muscle as a treatment target for older adults with diabetes mellitus: The importance of a multimodal intervention based on functional category

Use of Wearables in Frail Institutionalized Older Adults While Ambulating in Different Environments

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