Total energy expenditure and physical activity in young Scottish children: mixed longitudinal study

Reilly, JJ; Jackson, D. M.; Montgomery, Colette; Kelly, LA; Slater, Christine; Grant, S.; Paton, J Y

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15331-7

Cited by 365 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Finally, the raw accelerometry data, expressed in mean c.p.m., is a measure of total physical activity which has been rigorously validated during children's free-living conditions using direct observation and doubly labelled water (DLW) as criterion methods. 21,24,25,28,29 In the present study, we found that the results for total physical activity and the proportion of time spent in MVPA (i.e. 43200 c.p.m.)…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…19,20,28 The 'raw' accelerometry output (c.p.m. averaged over the monitoring period) was used as a measure of total physical activity.…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…averaged over the monitoring period) was used as a measure of total physical activity. 19,20,28 This variable has been thoroughly validated against criterion methods (i.e. direct observation and energy expenditure) during free-living activities in children.…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…direct observation and energy expenditure) during free-living activities in children. 21,22,24,25,28,29 Accelerometry output was also used to determine the percentage of monitored time spent in sedentary behaviour and different intensities of physical activity using published cutoff points. 21,22 Cutoff points used in the present study were: sedentary behaviour o1100 c.p.m., 22 light intensity activity 1100-3200 c.p.m.…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a clinical sample of obese children

et al. 2006

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Objective: To objectively measure habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a clinical sample of obese children and to compare with age-and sex-matched non-obese controls. Design: Pairwise comparison of obese children matched for age and gender with non-obese controls. Subjects: A total of 116 obese children (body mass index (BMI)X98th centile) and 53 non-obese control children (BMIo85th centile). Controls were matched with 53 of the obese children (mean age 8.6, s.d. 2.0 years; 25 M and 28 F). Measurement: Habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured over a 7-day period using CSA accelerometers. Total physical activity (mean accelerometry count per minute (c.p.m.)), percentage of monitored time in sedentary behaviour, light and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were compared. Results: Obese children (n ¼ 116) spent on average 80.4% of their monitored time in sedentary behaviour and 2.5% of their monitored time in MVPA. Total activity (mean c.p.m.) was significantly higher in the non-obese group (n ¼ 53) than the obese group (n ¼ 53), 729 vs 648 c.p.m.; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7, 155. Time spent in sedentary behaviour averaged 80.9% (s.d. 6.6) in the obese group and 79.3% (s.d. 6.2) in the non-obese group, with no significant between-group difference (95% CI À3.9, 0.6). Light intensity activity was similar in the obese and non-obese groups (15.9 vs 17.3%; 95% CI À0.3, 3.0). Participation in MVPA was significantly higher in the non-obese vs obese group (3.9 vs 2.4%; 95% CI 0.6, 2.0). Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that a clinical sample of obese children is less physically active than non-obese children, although the difference in total activity and MVPA between the groups was small.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…19,20,28 The 'raw' accelerometry output (c.p.m. averaged over the monitoring period) was used as a measure of total physical activity.…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a clinical sample of obese children

et al. 2006

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“…This finding of growth limitation in obesity has only ever been reported in developing countries, such as Brazil, 12 and may point to the increasing availability of inexpensive, energy-dense low-nutrient food as being a substantial cause of the increasing epidemic of obesity in this social group. However, other socioeconomic-linked factors including tobacco smoke exposure 13 (in utero and postnatal), decline in physical activity, 14 and possibly sleep patterns 15,16 may play important roles in growth and obesity. Indeed, a major impact on growth and body fat in children is growth hormone release, which shows peaks of secretion during sleep, following feeding and exercise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood obesity and socioeconomic status: a novel role for height growth limitation

et al. 2005

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Frequency of Parent-Supervised Outdoor Play of US Preschool-Aged Children

Tandon¹,

Zhou²,

Christakis³

2012

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Main Outcome Measure: Parent-reported outdoor play frequency. Results: The sample size of 8950 represented approximately 4 million children. Sixty percent of mothers worked outside the home, 79% exercised 0 to 3 days per week, and 93% perceived their neighborhood to be safe. Forty-four percent of mothers and 24% of fathers reported taking their child outside to play at least once per day. Fifty-one percent of children were reported to go outside to play at least once per day with either parent. Fifty-eight percent of children who were not in child care went outside daily. A child's odds of going outside daily were associated with sex (odds ratio [OR] for girls, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95), having more regular playmates (OR for Ն3 playmates, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.72-2.38), mother's race/ ethnicity (OR for Asian, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.43-0.61; black, 0.59, 95% CI, 0.49-0.70; Hispanic, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.67-0.95), mother's employment (OR for full time, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.81), and parent's exercise frequency of 4 days or more per week (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.28-1.75). We did not find significant association of outdoor play with child's time spent watching television, household income, mother's marital status, or parent's perceptions of neighborhood safety. Conclusions: About half the preschoolers in this sample did not have even 1 parent-supervised outdoor play opportunity per day. Efforts to increase active outdoor play should especially target children who are girls and nonwhite. Outdoor play opportunities at child care are critical for children of parents who work outside the home.

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Total energy expenditure and physical activity in young Scottish children: mixed longitudinal study

Cited by 365 publications

References 5 publications

Habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a clinical sample of obese children

Habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a clinical sample of obese children

Childhood obesity and socioeconomic status: a novel role for height growth limitation

Frequency of Parent-Supervised Outdoor Play of US Preschool-Aged Children

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