Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of performing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in an ambulatory with extended recovery setting by using a total extraperitoneal approach. Methods: Patients with low-to intermediate-risk, prostate cancer were prospectively recruited in the ambulatory robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with extended recovery by total extraperitoneal approach group (n = 30), and a matched-pair inpatient surgery control group by total extraperitoneal approach (n = 20). Objective discharge criteria were based on the postanesthesia discharge scoring system. All patients underwent preoperative counseling on preoperative preparation and postoperative care. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the ambulatory with extended recovery-total extraperitoneal approach and inpatient-total extraperitoneal approach groups in patient factors (age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Charlson Comorbidity Index), disease factors (prostate-specific antigen, clinical T stage, biopsy Gleason score, prostate volume) and peri-operative parameters (operative time, blood loss, Trendelenburg angle). All total extraperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients (ambulatory with extended recovery and inpatient surgery groups) met the postanesthesia discharge scoring system discharge criteria ≤23 h from admission. The mean hospital stays for ambulatory with extended recovery-total extraperitoneal and inpatient-total extraperitoneal groups were 20.3 and 52.4 h, respectively (P < 0.001). A total of 29 of 30 patients (97%) in the ambulatory with extended recovery-total extraperitoneal group were discharged ≤23 h of admission. Conclusions: This is the first prospective evaluation of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by the total extraperitoneal approach, showing that the short-stay ambulatory with extended recovery approach is safe, feasible and with a high success rate. Total extraperitoneal surgical approach is a critical factor for the success of the ambulatory with extended recovery protocol.