Total fractionation of green tea residue by microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Tsubaki, Shuntaro; Azuma, Jun-ichi

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.001

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, the biological role of waterproofing polymers is clear since plants have to keep their feet wet and avoid simultaneously plasmolysis due to out-of-equilibrium medium as well as to keep clean and be protected against new enemies. The characterization of waterproofing lipid and phenolic barriers is of great interest in plant science due to the mentioned biological relevance but also for their use as feedstock for long chain components and biodiesel production (Tsubaki and Azuma, 2013 ). Lately, different approaches in genetic engineering have been proposed to increase the yield of wax esters in tobacco plants (Aslan et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterproofing in Arabidopsis: Following Phenolics and Lipids In situ by Confocal Raman Microscopy

et al. 2016

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Waterproofing of the aerial organs of plants imposed a big evolutionary step during the colonization of the terrestrial environment. The main plant polymers responsible of water repelling are lipids and lignin, which play also important roles in the protection against biotic/abiotic stresses, regulation of flux of gases and solutes, and mechanical stability against negative pressure, among others. While the lipids, non-polymerized cuticular waxes together with the polymerized cutin, protect the outer surface, lignin is confined to the secondary cell wall within mechanical important tissues. In the present work a micro cross-section of the stem of Arabidopsis thaliana was used to track in situ the distribution of these non-carbohydrate polymers by Confocal Raman Microscopy. Raman hyperspectral imaging gives a molecular fingerprint of the native waterproofing tissues and cells with diffraction limited spatial resolution (~300 nm) at relatively high speed and without any tedious sample preparation. Lipids and lignified tissues as well as their effect on water content was directly visualized by integrating the 1299, 1600, and 3400 cm−1 band, respectively. For detailed insights into compositional changes of these polymers vertex component analysis was performed on selected sample positions. Changes have been elucidated in the composition of lignin within the lignified tissues and between interfascicular fibers and xylem vessels. Hydrophobizing changes were revealed from the epidermal layer to the cuticle as well as a change in the aromatic composition within the cuticle of trichomes. To verify Raman signatures of different waterproofing polymers additionally Raman spectra of the cuticle and cutin monomer from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as well as aromatic model polymers (milled wood lignin and dehydrogenation polymer of coniferyl alcohol) and phenolic acids were acquired.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterproofing in Arabidopsis: Following Phenolics and Lipids In situ by Confocal Raman Microscopy

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, cuticle components are a potential alternative feedstock for aliphatic compounds commonly found in oil plants (Tsubaki and Azuma, 2013). Thus, the potential applied value of tomato fruit peel, grape skins and green tea residues have been assessed (Arrieta-Baez et al, 2011; Mendes et al, 2013; Tsubaki and Azuma, 2013). Some of these aliphatic compounds, specifically cutin monomers, have been used to synthetize long-chain polyesters, resulting in polymers with similar characteristics to the plant cutin (Benítez et al, 2004a; Heredia-Guerrero et al, 2009; Gómez-Patiño et al, 2013; Vilela et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of plant cuticles: a review

et al. 2014

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The cuticle is one of the most important plant barriers. It is an external and continuous lipid membrane that covers the surface of epidermal cells and whose main function is to prevent the massive loss of water. The spectroscopic characterization of the plant cuticle and its components (cutin, cutan, waxes, polysaccharides and phenolics) by infrared and Raman spectroscopies has provided significant advances in the knowledge of the functional groups present in the cuticular matrix and on their structural role, interaction and macromolecular arrangement. Additionally, these spectroscopies have been used in the study of cuticle interaction with exogenous molecules, degradation, distribution of components within the cuticle matrix, changes during growth and development and characterization of fossil plants.

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“…Microwave irradiation as a nonconventional energy source is widely used in chemical reactions. Microwave irradiation can transfer energy directly and quickly into the biomass substrate and catalyst, thereby increasing the efficiency of the reaction (Tsubaki and Azuma, 2013). In addition, the use of microwave irradiation can reduce chemicals in the process of making chitosan (Sahu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste

Apriyanti

Susanto

Rokhati

2018

Reaktor

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Chitosan is natural polysaccharides which is nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible and have many advantages in various kinds of fields including health, food, agriculture, and industry. Chitosan usually take long time to extract by conventional method for deacetylation process of chitin. Raw material for chitosan can be found in shrimp shell waste. Chitosan manufactures usually need high temperatures and chemicals in large quantities and it takes much time and consumes a lot of energy where will give bad effect to the environment. Recently microwave irradiation as nonconventional energy sources is widely used in chemical reactions. To reduce the impact of environmental pollution due to excessive use of chemical treatment, the objective of this work is processing chitosan under microwave irradiation. Expected production of chitosan with the same mass requires fewer chemicals than conventional heating. In particular, the study will examine the effect of making the chitosan and adding chemicals, reaction time and operating temperature and degree of deacetylation in chitosan with conventional heating methods that the results will be compared using a microwave. In this research will be developed to the design and fabrication of prototype scale extractor for manufacturing chitosan from shrimp shell waste after optimum results obtained from the research laboratory scale. From the research we can conclude that microwave will speed up reaction time. FTIR also showed functional group of chitosan formed from microwave irradiation have same results. Keywords: chitosan, shrimp shells, microwave

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Total fractionation of green tea residue by microwave-assisted alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Waterproofing in Arabidopsis: Following Phenolics and Lipids In situ by Confocal Raman Microscopy

Waterproofing in Arabidopsis: Following Phenolics and Lipids In situ by Confocal Raman Microscopy

Infrared and Raman spectroscopic features of plant cuticles: a review

Influence of Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste

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