Total Level of Serum Homocysteine in Males and Females with Coronary Heart Disease of Different Age Groups

Abstract

Problem statement: Elevated plasma total homocysteine concentration is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Total homocysteine level is a strong predictor of mortality in-patient with an angiographically confirmed Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), so we want to know at what age in males and females elevated homocysteine will be significantly elevated and this will help for better management and prognosis by decreasing the level of homocysteine. Approach: Plasma level of homocysteine was determined in male and female patients below and above 50 years old, who have coronary heart disease with diabetes or without diabetes. Fifty two coronary heart diseases with type 2 diabetic patients and a matched number of healthy subjects as a control and another 52 coronary heart disease patients without diabetes were included in this study. Plasma homocysteine was determined by Enzymatic Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA). Results: Plasma homocysteine level in coronary heart disease diabetic male and female patients who are <50 years old was 10.3±2.5 and 12.66±5.4 umol L −1 , respectively, while it is 28.12±9.5 and 29.44±4.3 umol L −1 in male and female patients >50 years old, respectively. Plasma homocysteine level in coronary heart disease nondiabetic male and female patients who are <50 years old was 12.72±8.5 and 13.60±6 umol L −1 , respectively, while it is 26.9±11.1 and 27.56±6.8 umol L −1 in male and female patients >50 years old, respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that plasma level of homocysteine is significantly elevated in diabetic coronary heart disease female patients above 50 years old and significantly elevated in nondiabetic coronary heart disease males and female patients, thus nondiabetic coronary heart disease male and female patients and diabetic coronary female patients are at high risk of vascular diseases. It is recommended that these patients may take supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 to reduce the level of homocysteine.

Vitamin B12 Status in Males and Females of different Age Groups

“…Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include fatigue, weakness, anorexia, paresthesias, numbness and dizziness. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of patients in the early stage of the disorder can often produce an improvement in their condition (Erickson et al, 2008;Melinda, 2006;Mohammad et al, 2010).…”

Investigation of serum homocysteine levels in relation to age and sex

“…Hcy, which mediates methionine metabolism, is catabolized in the reaction with the vitamin B6 cofactor of Cysteine (Cys). In most tissues, Hcy can be converted back to methionine by this re-methylation reaction, catalyzed by the enzyme "methionine synthase," requiring 5-methylene tetrahydrofolate (THF4) in the form of reduced folate as the methyl donor with vitamin B12 cofactor (Finkelstein et al, 2000;Ravaglia et al, 2005;Wijekoon et al, 2006;Ramakrishnan et al, 2006;Martinez et al, 2017;Mohammad et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2017;Škovierová et al, 2016).…”

“…Human studies have shown that plasma Hcy concentrations increase with age (higher in adults than in pediatric periods), and are higher in males than females. It is known that the most important factors affecting Hcy level are genetic and nutritional factors (vitamin B6 and B12 or folate deficiencies), age, gender difference, physiological periods, especially the postmenopausal period and some metabolic disorders (Robinson et al, 1994;Mohammad et al, 2010;Piccione et al, 2008;Masuda et al, 2008;Škovierová et al, 2016).…”

Wall Shear Stress Distribution in Patient Specific Coronary Artery Bifurcation

“…Atherogenesis is affected by hemodynamic parameters, such as Wall Shear Stress (WSS), Wall Shear Stress Spatial Gradient (WSSG) and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) (Mohammad et al, 2010;Soulis et al, 2006;Huo et al, 2007;. These parameters are strongly influenced by flow disturbances, which are largely dependent on the geometry of arterial tree (Prosi et al, 2004).…”