Total lipid energy as a proxy for total egg production by fish stocks

Marshall, C. Tara; Yaragina, Natalia A.; Lambert, Yvan; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd

doi:10.1038/46272

Cited by 274 publications

(219 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data), providing an alternative and energy-rich food resource for the fish. The lipid-rich pelagic zooplankton may also provide certain essential fatty acids needed for growth and reproduction (Marshall et al, 1999;Beaugrand et al, 2003).Any slight pelagic niche shift of S. alpinus 200-350 mm was probably shortlived, since it was not detected in either the stomach contents or the Z muscle estimates. Because liver is as a regulatory tissue with continuous protein turnover, it can reveal dietary shifts of fishes with a much higher temporal resolution than muscle tissue, which, due to its slower isotopic turnover, generally reflects the main energy source during the previous months (Tieszen et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Eloranta

Kahilainen

Jones

2010

Journal of Fish Biology

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Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) is a cold-adapted salmonid fish with a wide circumpolar distribution. Due to its wide fundamental trophic niche (i.e. diet and habitat use), Arctic charr can be used to study energy flow as well as competitive and predator-prey interactions in subarctic lakes. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how the trophic niche of Arctic charr in subarctic lakes is influenced by various biotic (e.g. intra-and interspecific resource competition and predation) and abiotic (e.g. seasonality and lake morphometry) factors. Stomach contents and stable isotope analyses indicated marked between-lake and between-individual differences in Arctic charr diet and habitat use. In Saanajärvi, Arctic charr relied mainly on littoral production regardless of season or individual size, probably due to high primary production and lack of sympatric fish species in the littoral zone. In contrast, Arctic charr showed a reduced littoral reliance when the littoral trophic niche was dominated by brown trout, and an increased prevalence of piscivorous foraging when coexisting with planktivorous whitefish and benthivorous grayling. The final results from a total of 17 subarctic lakes indicated that Arctic charr shifted from littoral to a more pelagic trophic niche with increasing lake area and fish species richness. The shift of Arctic charr to a more pelagic piscivorous niche in large lakes was evidently promoted by the existence of small, planktivorous prey fish species and increased interspecific resource competition and/or predation in the littoral zone. The results demonstrate that littoral and pelagic food-web compartments in subarctic lakes can be integrated by generalist Arctic charr, but the energy flow pathways supporting this top consumer can be strongly influenced by prevailing intra-and interspecific interactions as well as by the morphometric characteristics of the lakes. The findings highlight that a comprehensive view of food-web structures is fundamental for predicting the likely responses of fish communities and subarctic lake ecosystems to potential environmental changes. Keywords: Energy flow; individual specialization; lake morphometry; littoral production; resource competition; stable isotope analysis; trophic niche. LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONSThe thesis is based on the following original articles, which will be referred to in the text by their Roman numerals I-IV. I did most of the planning for each study and contributed to field work in I, III and IV, and to laboratory analyses in all the studies. I was responsible for the data analysis and wrote the first draft of all the papers. All co-authors made a significant contribution to planning and preparation of the final papers. IV Eloranta A.P., Kahilainen K.K., Amundsen P.-A., Knudsen R., Harrod C. & Jones R.I. 2013. Lake size and fish species richness determine resource use by top consumers in subarctic lakes. Manuscript. INTRODUCTION Food webs in lakesLakes are complex ecosystems, whose functioning is tightly connecte...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Eloranta

Kahilainen

Jones

2010

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…In southern fjords cod rely more on prey associated with the bottom layers, the proportion of benthic prey consumed increasing with distance from the coast (Table 5 in Salvanes et al 1995). Pelagic feeding implies high prey abundance at times, but also greater uncertainty regarding food availability (Salvanes et al 1995, Marshall et al 1999. In contrast, feeding on less-abundant local benthic prey allows for a lower but constant food supply for non-migratory southern coastal cod (Salvanes et al 1995).…”

Section: Countergradient Variation and Life-history Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-populations of coastal cod with different behaviour and life-history strategies

Salvanes¹,

Skjæraasen²,

Nilsen³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This study provides evidence of countergradient variations in life-history traits among coastal cod Gadus morhua off the Norwegian coast, suggesting the existence of sub-populations. One-yr-old wild-caught individuals from 70°N were smaller, grew slower, weighed less, and had a lower condition factor (CF) than southern cod from 60°N during the sampling period from June to February. In contrast, both a higher growth potential and an increase in CF were found in northern cod when offspring of northern and southern cod from the same area and of the same age as the wild cod were housed together in a 'common-garden' experiment. The rapid growth in northern cod was achieved by higher success in food competition when given a restricted amount of food. Active feeding behaviour and larger energy allocation to storage tissues, as suggested by the higher increase in condition, represents adaptations to the high-latitude environment for northern cod and countergradient variation. These differences suggest the existence of genetically distinct sub-populations along the Norwegian coast. Development of sub-populations that differ in behaviour and life-history strategies are discussed in relation to mechanisms for local retention of early life stages and local adaptation of older stages. Sub-populations with different life histories may respond differently to fisheries, and attention to this could be beneficial for improving fisheries management.

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“…This is particularly important given the expected increase in the number of hypoxia-affected coastal zones and the greater likelihood of increased interactions between demersal fishes and impaired habitats (Diaz and Rosenberg 2008). As a result, egg production will be closely aligned with the energy density of adult females but will not necessarily be predictable through estimates of adult female biomass (Marshall et al 1999). However, energy density may also have limitations in predicting egg production since direct exposure to hypoxia limits vitellogenin production at the cellular level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Fish Tissue Proximate Composition is Consistent with Indirect Effects of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries

Tuckey

Fabrizio

2016

Mar Coast Fish

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The spatial and temporal extent of summer hypoxia (dissolved oxygen [DO] concentration ≤ 2 mg/L) in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries has been increasing for decades, consequently affecting fish distribution and abundance by shifting biomass to non‐hypoxic habitats. Hypoxia in coastal waters impacts food web dynamics, thereby limiting ecosystem productivity and affecting regional fisheries. Additionally, laboratory studies of Atlantic Croakers Micropogonias undulatus have shown that hypoxia serves as an endocrine disruptor, reducing the production of the yolk precursor vitellogenin as well as affecting other biochemical pathways. Reproductive potential is therefore lower in hypoxia‐exposed Atlantic Croakers than in fish that are taken from normoxic conditions. We examined field‐caught Atlantic Croakers from three Chesapeake Bay tributaries with different DO levels to evaluate patterns in the lipid content of somatic and gonadal tissues. We found that somatic lipid content was not affected by the presence of hypoxia, whereas ovarian lipid content was significantly affected by the severity of hypoxia. Furthermore, Atlantic Croakers that were exposed indirectly to mild hypoxia (lasting hours to days) exhibited greater ovarian lipid content than fish that were captured from normoxic sites. As expected, severe hypoxia reduced the ability of Atlantic Croakers to accumulate lipids in their ovaries, likely affecting reproductive output. Stock assessment models that ignore the effects of hypoxia may yield overly optimistic production estimates for hypoxia‐exposed populations, particularly if environmentally invariant fecundity and growth are assumed.Received December 16, 2014; accepted September 24, 2015

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Total lipid energy as a proxy for total egg production by fish stocks

Cited by 274 publications

References 21 publications

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Sub-populations of coastal cod with different behaviour and life-history strategies

Variability in Fish Tissue Proximate Composition is Consistent with Indirect Effects of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries

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